XAU/USD, XAG/USD May Rise as Retail Traders Turn Bearish

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<h2>Gold, Silver, Retail Trader Positioning, Technical Analysis – IGCS Commodities Update</h2>
<ul>
<li><span>Gold</span><span> and </span><span>silver prices</span><span> have been rising in recent days</span></li>
<li><span>Retail traders are back to boosting downside exposure</span></li>
<li><span>Is this a hint that XAU/</span><span>USD</span><span> and XAG/USD may rise?</span></li>
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<p>In recent days, gold and silver prices have been pushing higher, moves that were in response to a cautious weakening in US Treasury yields as well as the US Dollar. In reaction, retail traders have increased their downside exposure in these precious metals. This can be seen by looking at IG Client Sentiment (IGCS), which functions as a contrarian indicator. With that in mind, is this a sign that further gains might be ahead for XAU/USD and XAG/USD?</p>
<h3>Gold Sentiment Outlook – Bullish</h3>
<p>The IGCS gauge shows that about 66% of retail traders are net-long gold. Since most of them are biased to the upside, this hints that prices may continue falling down the road. That said, downside exposure has increased by 6.29% and 14.69% compared to yesterday and last week, respectively. With that in mind, recent changes in exposure hint that prices may reverse higher despite overall positioning.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://a.c-dn.net/b/4cm7Jm/image1.png" alt="Gold Sentiment Outlook – Bullish" data-image-original-width="1800" data-image-original-height="1200" width="1800" height="1200" class="dfx-lazyload" style="padding-bottom: calc(1200 / 1800 * 100%);" /></p>
<h3>XAU/USD Daily Chart</h3>
<p>On the daily chart, gold has confirmed a breakout above a near-term falling trendline from May. That has opened the door to resuming the broader uptrend since November. Still, prices were unable to clear the 50-day Simple Moving Average (SMA), which is holding as resistance. Confirming a push above this point may further validate a near-term bullish technical bias. That places the focus on the 23.6% Fibonacci retracement level at 1971.</p>
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<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://a.c-dn.net/b/1vxrHg/image2.png" alt="image2.png" data-image-original-width="1165" data-image-original-height="569" width="1165" height="569" class="dfx-lazyload" style="padding-bottom: calc(569 / 1165 * 100%);" /></p>
<p><span>Chart Created in Trading View</span></p>
<h3>Silver Sentiment Outlook – Bullish</h3>
<p>The IGCS gauge displays that roughly 76% of retail traders are net-long silver. Since most of them are biased higher, this offers a hint that prices may continue falling down the road. That said, downside bets have increased by 1.54% and 41.07% compared to yesterday and last week, respectively. With that in mind, these recent changes offer a hint that the price trend may soon reverse higher.</p>
<picture><source srcset="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" data-srcset="https://a.c-dn.net/b/1YmbQw/in-article-dna-quiz-banner-bg.png" data-media="–mobile" type="image/png"><source srcset="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" data-srcset="https://a.c-dn.net/b/1WPN3z/in-article-dna-quiz-banner-bg.png" type="image/png"><img decoding="async" src="https://a.c-dn.net/b/1WPN3z/in-article-dna-quiz-banner-bg.png" alt="" class="dfx-lazyload dfx-dnaQuizBanner__image position-absolute m-0 w-100" /> </source></source></picture>
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<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://a.c-dn.net/b/1k1lKs/image3.png" alt="Silver Sentiment Outlook – Bullish" data-image-original-width="1800" data-image-original-height="1200" width="1800" height="1200" class="dfx-lazyload" style="padding-bottom: calc(1200 / 1800 * 100%);" /></p>
<h3>XAG/USD Daily Chart</h3>
<p>Silver confirmed a breakout above the near-term falling trendline from May as well as the 23.6% Fibonacci retracement level at 24.66. Key resistance is the 14.6% minor level at 25.22. Further pushing beyond this price exposes highs from April 2022, making for a zone between 25.85 and 26.21. This is where XAG/USD got stuck in April and turned lower.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://a.c-dn.net/b/0EzEQv/image4.png" alt="XAG/USD Daily Chart" data-image-original-width="1165" data-image-original-height="569" width="1165" height="569" class="dfx-lazyload" style="padding-bottom: calc(569 / 1165 * 100%);" /></p>
<p><span>Chart Created in Trading View</span></p>
<p><span>— Written by Daniel Dubrovsky, Senior Strategist for DailyFX.com</span></p>
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SystemJS(){constructor.call(this),setRegisterRegistry(this)}var firstNamedDefine,firstName,global=global.System,systemJSPrototype=(setRegisterRegistry(global),global.constructor.prototype),constructor=global.constructor;function setRegisterRegistry(systemInstance){systemInstance.registerRegistry=Object.create(null),systemInstance.namedRegisterAliases=Object.create(null)}SystemJS.prototype=systemJSPrototype,global.constructor=SystemJS;var register=systemJSPrototype.register,resolve=(systemJSPrototype.register=function(name,deps,declare,metas){var define;return"string"!=typeof name?register.apply(this,arguments):(this.registerRegistry[name]=define=[deps,declare,metas],firstNamedDefine||(firstNamedDefine=define,firstName=name),Promise.resolve().then(function(){firstName=firstNamedDefine=null}),register.apply(this,[deps,declare,metas]))},systemJSPrototype.resolve),instantiate=(systemJSPrototype.resolve=function(id,parentURL){try{return resolve.call(this,id,parentURL)}catch(err){if(id in this.registerRegistry)return this.namedRegisterAliases[id]||id;throw err}},systemJSPrototype.instantiate),getRegister=(systemJSPrototype.instantiate=function(url,firstParentUrl,meta){var result=this.registerRegistry[url];return result?(this.registerRegistry[url]=null,result):instantiate.call(this,url,firstParentUrl,meta)},systemJSPrototype.getRegister);systemJSPrototype.getRegister=function(url){var register=getRegister.call(this,url),url=(firstName&&url&&(this.namedRegisterAliases[firstName]=url),firstNamedDefine||register);return firstName=firstNamedDefine=null,url}}("undefined"!=typeof self?self:global),!function(exports){"use strict";var FrameLoadingStyle,FetchMethod,FormSubmissionState,FormEnctype,TimingMetric,VisitState,SystemStatusCode,PageStage,__async$3=(__this,__arguments,generator)=>new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{var fulfilled=value=>{try{step(generator.next(value))}catch(e){reject(e)}},rejected=value=>{try{step(generator.throw(value))}catch(e){reject(e)}},step=x=>x.done?resolve(x.value):Promise.resolve(x.value).then(fulfilled,rejected);step((generator=generator.apply(__this,__arguments)).next())});if(void 0!==window.Reflect&&void 0!==window.customElements&&!window.customElements.polyfillWrapFlushCallback){const BuiltInHTMLElement=HTMLElement,wrapperForTheName_HTMLElement=function HTMLElement2(){return Reflect.construct(BuiltInHTMLElement,[],this.constructor)};window.HTMLElement=wrapperForTheName_HTMLElement,HTMLElement.prototype=BuiltInHTMLElement.prototype,HTMLElement.prototype.constructor=HTMLElement,Object.setPrototypeOf(HTMLElement,BuiltInHTMLElement)}function raise(errorConstructor,message,name){throw new errorConstructor("Failed to execute 'requestSubmit' on 'HTMLFormElement': "+message+".",name)}"function"!=typeof(prototype=HTMLFormElement.prototype).requestSubmit&&(prototype.requestSubmit=function(submitter){submitter?(function validateSubmitter(submitter,form){submitter instanceof HTMLElement||raise(TypeError,"parameter 1 is not of type 'HTMLElement'"),"submit"!=submitter.type&&raise(TypeError,"The specified element is not a submit button"),submitter.form!=form&&raise(DOMException,"The specified element is not owned by this form element","NotFoundError")}(submitter,this),submitter.click()):((submitter=document.createElement("input")).type="submit",submitter.hidden=!0,this.appendChild(submitter),submitter.click(),this.removeChild(submitter))});const submittersByForm=new WeakMap;function clickCaptured(event){event=function findSubmitterFromClickTarget(target){return"submit"==(null==(target=(target=target instanceof Element?target:target instanceof Node?target.parentElement:null)?target.closest("input, button"):null)?void 0:target.type)?target:null}(event.target);event&&event.form&&submittersByForm.set(event.form,event)}!function(){if(!("submitter"in Event.prototype)){let prototype=window.Event.prototype;if("SubmitEvent"in window&&/Apple Computer/.test(navigator.vendor))prototype=window.SubmitEvent.prototype;else if("SubmitEvent"in window)return;addEventListener("click",clickCaptured,!0),Object.defineProperty(prototype,"submitter",{get(){if("submit"==this.type&&this.target instanceof HTMLFormElement)return submittersByForm.get(this.target)}})}}(),(prototype=FrameLoadingStyle=FrameLoadingStyle||{}).eager="eager",prototype.lazy="lazy";class FrameElement extends HTMLElement{static get observedAttributes(){return["disabled","complete","loading","src"]}constructor(){super(),this.loaded=Promise.resolve(),this.delegate=new FrameElement.delegateConstructor(this)}connectedCallback(){this.delegate.connect()}disconnectedCallback(){this.delegate.disconnect()}reload(){return this.delegate.sourceURLReloaded()}attributeChangedCallback(name){"loading"==name?this.delegate.loadingStyleChanged():"complete"==name?this.delegate.completeChanged():"src"==name?this.delegate.sourceURLChanged():this.delegate.disabledChanged()}get src(){return this.getAttribute("src")}set src(value){value?this.setAttribute("src",value):this.removeAttribute("src")}get loading(){return function frameLoadingStyleFromString(style){{if("lazy"!==style.toLowerCase())return FrameLoadingStyle.eager;return FrameLoadingStyle.lazy}}(this.getAttribute("loading")||"")}set loading(value){value?this.setAttribute("loading",value):this.removeAttribute("loading")}get disabled(){return this.hasAttribute("disabled")}set disabled(value){value?this.setAttribute("disabled",""):this.removeAttribute("disabled")}get autoscroll(){return this.hasAttribute("autoscroll")}set autoscroll(value){value?this.setAttribute("autoscroll",""):this.removeAttribute("autoscroll")}get complete(){return!this.delegate.isLoading}get isActive(){return this.ownerDocument===document&&!this.isPreview}get isPreview(){var _a;return null==(_a=null==(_a=this.ownerDocument)?void 0:_a.documentElement)?void 0:_a.hasAttribute("data-turbo-preview")}}function expandURL(locatable){return new URL(locatable.toString(),document.baseURI)}function getAnchor(url){return url.hash?url.hash.slice(1):(url=url.href.match(/#(.*)$/))?url[1]:void 0}function getAction(form,submitter){return expandURL((null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formaction"))||form.getAttribute("action")||form.action)}function getExtension(url){return(function getLastPathComponent(url){return function getPathComponents(url){return url.pathname.split("/").slice(1)}(url).slice(-1)[0]}(url).match(/.[^.]*$/)||[])[0]||""}function isPrefixedBy(baseURL,url){url=function getPrefix(url){return function addTrailingSlash(value){return value.endsWith("/")?value:value+"/"}(url.origin+url.pathname)}(url);return baseURL.href===expandURL(url).href||baseURL.href.startsWith(url)}function locationIsVisitable(location2,rootLocation){return isPrefixedBy(location2,rootLocation)&&function isHTML(url){return!!getExtension(url).match(/^(?:|.(?:htm|html|xhtml|php))$/)}(location2)}function getRequestURL(url){var anchor=getAnchor(url);return null!=anchor?url.href.slice(0,-(anchor.length+1)):url.href}function toCacheKey(url){return getRequestURL(url)}class FetchResponse{constructor(response){this.response=response}get succeeded(){return this.response.ok}get failed(){return!this.succeeded}get clientError(){return 400<=this.statusCode&&this.statusCode<=499}get serverError(){return 500<=this.statusCode&&this.statusCode<=599}get redirected(){return this.response.redirected}get location(){return expandURL(this.response.url)}get isHTML(){return this.contentType&&this.contentType.match(/^(?:text/([^s;,]+)?html|application/xhtml+xml)/)}get statusCode(){return this.response.status}get contentType(){return this.header("Content-Type")}get responseText(){return this.response.clone().text()}get responseHTML(){return this.isHTML?this.response.clone().text():Promise.resolve(void 0)}header(name){return this.response.headers.get(name)}}function activateScriptElement(element){var createdScriptElement,cspNonce;return"false"==element.getAttribute("data-turbo-eval")?element:(createdScriptElement=document.createElement("script"),(cspNonce=getMetaContent("csp-nonce"))&&(createdScriptElement.nonce=cspNonce),createdScriptElement.textContent=element.textContent,createdScriptElement.async=!1,function copyElementAttributes(destinationElement,sourceElement){for(var{name,value}of sourceElement.attributes)destinationElement.setAttribute(name,value)}(createdScriptElement,element),createdScriptElement)}function dispatch(eventName,{target,cancelable,detail}={}){eventName=new CustomEvent(eventName,{cancelable:cancelable,bubbles:!0,composed:!0,detail:detail});return(target&&target.isConnected?target:document.documentElement).dispatchEvent(eventName),eventName}function nextAnimationFrame(){return new Promise(resolve=>requestAnimationFrame(()=>resolve()))}function parseHTMLDocument(html=""){return(new DOMParser).parseFromString(html,"text/html")}function unindent(strings,…values){strings=function interpolate(strings,values){return strings.reduce((result,string,i)=>{return result+string+(null==values[i]?"":values[i])},"")}(strings,values).replace(/^
/,"").split("
"),values=strings[0].match(/^s+/);const indent=values?values[0].length:0;return strings.map(line=>line.slice(indent)).join("
")}function uuid(){return Array.from({length:36}).map((_,i)=>8==i||13==i||18==i||23==i?"-":14==i?"4":(19==i?Math.floor(4*Math.random())+8:Math.floor(15*Math.random())).toString(16)).join("")}function getAttribute(attributeName,…elements){for(const value of elements.map(element=>null==element?void 0:element.getAttribute(attributeName)))if("string"==typeof value)return value;return null}function markAsBusy(…elements){for(const element of elements)"turbo-frame"==element.localName&&element.setAttribute("busy",""),element.setAttribute("aria-busy","true")}function clearBusyState(…elements){for(const element of elements)"turbo-frame"==element.localName&&element.removeAttribute("busy"),element.removeAttribute("aria-busy")}function getHistoryMethodForAction(action){switch(action){case"replace":return history.replaceState;case"advance":case"restore":return history.pushState}}function getVisitAction(…elements){elements=getAttribute("data-turbo-action",…elements);return function isAction(action){return"advance"==action||"replace"==action||"restore"==action}(elements)?elements:null}function getMetaElement(name){return document.querySelector(`meta[name="${name}"]`)}function getMetaContent(name){name=getMetaElement(name);return name&&name.content}function findClosestRecursively(element,selector){if(element instanceof Element)return element.closest(selector)||findClosestRecursively(element.assignedSlot||(null==(element=element.getRootNode())?void 0:element.host),selector)}(prototype=FetchMethod=FetchMethod||{})[prototype.get=0]="get",prototype[prototype.post=1]="post",prototype[prototype.put=2]="put",prototype[prototype.patch=3]="patch",prototype[prototype.delete=4]="delete";class FetchRequest{constructor(delegate,method,location2,body=new URLSearchParams,target=null){this.abortController=new AbortController,this.resolveRequestPromise=_value=>{},this.delegate=delegate,this.method=method,this.headers=this.defaultHeaders,this.body=body,this.url=location2,this.target=target}get location(){return this.url}get params(){return this.url.searchParams}get entries(){return this.body?Array.from(this.body.entries()):[]}cancel(){this.abortController.abort()}perform(){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var fetchOptions=this["fetchOptions"];this.delegate.prepareRequest(this),yield this.allowRequestToBeIntercepted(fetchOptions);try{this.delegate.requestStarted(this);var response=yield fetch(this.url.href,fetchOptions);return yield this.receive(response)}catch(error){if("AbortError"!==error.name)throw this.willDelegateErrorHandling(error)&&this.delegate.requestErrored(this,error),error}finally{this.delegate.requestFinished(this)}})}receive(response){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var fetchResponse=new FetchResponse(response);return dispatch("turbo:before-fetch-response",{cancelable:!0,detail:{fetchResponse:fetchResponse},target:this.target}).defaultPrevented?this.delegate.requestPreventedHandlingResponse(this,fetchResponse):fetchResponse.succeeded?this.delegate.requestSucceededWithResponse(this,fetchResponse):this.delegate.requestFailedWithResponse(this,fetchResponse),fetchResponse})}get fetchOptions(){var _a;return{method:FetchMethod[this.method].toUpperCase(),credentials:"same-origin",headers:this.headers,redirect:"follow",body:this.isSafe?null:this.body,signal:this.abortSignal,referrer:null==(_a=this.delegate.referrer)?void 0:_a.href}}get defaultHeaders(){return{Accept:"text/html, application/xhtml+xml"}}get isSafe(){return this.method===FetchMethod.get}get abortSignal(){return this.abortController.signal}acceptResponseType(mimeType){this.headers.Accept=[mimeType,this.headers.Accept].join(", ")}allowRequestToBeIntercepted(fetchOptions){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var requestInterception=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveRequestPromise=resolve);dispatch("turbo:before-fetch-request",{cancelable:!0,detail:{fetchOptions:fetchOptions,url:this.url,resume:this.resolveRequestPromise},target:this.target}).defaultPrevented&&(yield requestInterception)})}willDelegateErrorHandling(error){return!dispatch("turbo:fetch-request-error",{target:this.target,cancelable:!0,detail:{request:this,error:error}}).defaultPrevented}}class AppearanceObserver{constructor(delegate,element){this.started=!1,this.intersect=entries=>{entries=entries.slice(-1)[0];null!=entries&&entries.isIntersecting&&this.delegate.elementAppearedInViewport(this.element)},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element,this.intersectionObserver=new IntersectionObserver(this.intersect)}start(){this.started||(this.started=!0,this.intersectionObserver.observe(this.element))}stop(){this.started&&(this.started=!1,this.intersectionObserver.unobserve(this.element))}}class StreamMessage{static wrap(message){return"string"==typeof message?new this(function createDocumentFragment(html){var template=document.createElement("template");return template.innerHTML=html,template.content}(message)):message}constructor(fragment){this.fragment=function importStreamElements(fragment){for(const element of fragment.querySelectorAll("turbo-stream")){var streamElement=document.importNode(element,!0);for(const inertScriptElement of streamElement.templateElement.content.querySelectorAll("script"))inertScriptElement.replaceWith(activateScriptElement(inertScriptElement));element.replaceWith(streamElement)}return fragment}(fragment)}}StreamMessage.contentType="text/vnd.turbo-stream.html",(prototype=FormSubmissionState=FormSubmissionState||{})[prototype.initialized=0]="initialized",prototype[prototype.requesting=1]="requesting",prototype[prototype.waiting=2]="waiting",prototype[prototype.receiving=3]="receiving",prototype[prototype.stopping=4]="stopping",prototype[prototype.stopped=5]="stopped",(prototype=FormEnctype=FormEnctype||{}).urlEncoded="application/x-www-form-urlencoded",prototype.multipart="multipart/form-data",prototype.plain="text/plain";class FormSubmission{static confirmMethod(message,_element,_submitter){return Promise.resolve(confirm(message))}constructor(delegate,formElement,submitter,mustRedirect=!1){this.state=FormSubmissionState.initialized,this.delegate=delegate,this.formElement=formElement,this.submitter=submitter,this.formData=function buildFormData(formElement,submitter){var formElement=new FormData(formElement),name=null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("name"),submitter=null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("value");name&&formElement.append(name,submitter||"");return formElement}(formElement,submitter),this.location=expandURL(this.action),this.method==FetchMethod.get&&function mergeFormDataEntries(url,entries){var searchParams=new URLSearchParams;for(var[name,value]of entries)value instanceof File||searchParams.append(name,value);url.search=searchParams.toString()}(this.location,[…this.body.entries()]),this.fetchRequest=new FetchRequest(this,this.method,this.location,this.body,this.formElement),this.mustRedirect=mustRedirect}get method(){var _a;return function fetchMethodFromString(method){switch(method.toLowerCase()){case"get":return FetchMethod.get;case"post":return FetchMethod.post;case"put":return FetchMethod.put;case"patch":return FetchMethod.patch;case"delete":return FetchMethod.delete}}(((null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("formmethod"))||this.formElement.getAttribute("method")||"").toLowerCase())||FetchMethod.get}get action(){var _a,formElementAction="string"==typeof this.formElement.action?this.formElement.action:null;return null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.hasAttribute("formaction")?this.submitter.getAttribute("formaction")||"":this.formElement.getAttribute("action")||formElementAction||""}get body(){return this.enctype==FormEnctype.urlEncoded||this.method==FetchMethod.get?new URLSearchParams(this.stringFormData):this.formData}get enctype(){var _a;return function formEnctypeFromString(encoding){switch(encoding.toLowerCase()){case FormEnctype.multipart:return FormEnctype.multipart;case FormEnctype.plain:return FormEnctype.plain;default:return FormEnctype.urlEncoded}}((null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("formenctype"))||this.formElement.enctype)}get isSafe(){return this.fetchRequest.isSafe}get stringFormData(){return[…this.formData].reduce((entries,[name,value])=>entries.concat("string"==typeof value?[[name,value]]:[]),[])}start(){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var{initialized,requesting}=FormSubmissionState,confirmationMessage=getAttribute("data-turbo-confirm",this.submitter,this.formElement);if("string"==typeof confirmationMessage&&!(yield FormSubmission.confirmMethod(confirmationMessage,this.formElement,this.submitter)))return;if(this.state==initialized)return this.state=requesting,this.fetchRequest.perform()})}stop(){var{stopping,stopped}=FormSubmissionState;if(this.state!=stopping&&this.state!=stopped)return this.state=stopping,this.fetchRequest.cancel(),!0}prepareRequest(request){var token;request.isSafe||(token=function getCookieValue(cookieName){{var cookie;return null!=cookieName&&(cookie=(document.cookie?document.cookie.split("; "):[]).find(cookie2=>cookie2.startsWith(cookieName)))&&(cookie=cookie.split("=").slice(1).join("="))?decodeURIComponent(cookie):void 0}}(getMetaContent("csrf-param"))||getMetaContent("csrf-token"))&&(request.headers["X-CSRF-Token"]=token),this.requestAcceptsTurboStreamResponse(request)&&request.acceptResponseType(StreamMessage.contentType)}requestStarted(_request){var _a;this.state=FormSubmissionState.waiting,null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.setAttribute("disabled",""),this.setSubmitsWith(),dispatch("turbo:submit-start",{target:this.formElement,detail:{formSubmission:this}}),this.delegate.formSubmissionStarted(this)}requestPreventedHandlingResponse(request,response){this.result={success:response.succeeded,fetchResponse:response}}requestSucceededWithResponse(request,response){response.clientError||response.serverError?this.delegate.formSubmissionFailedWithResponse(this,response):this.requestMustRedirect(request)&&function responseSucceededWithoutRedirect(response){return 200==response.statusCode&&!response.redirected}(response)?(request=new Error("Form responses must redirect to another location"),this.delegate.formSubmissionErrored(this,request)):(this.state=FormSubmissionState.receiving,this.result={success:!0,fetchResponse:response},this.delegate.formSubmissionSucceededWithResponse(this,response))}requestFailedWithResponse(request,response){this.result={success:!1,fetchResponse:response},this.delegate.formSubmissionFailedWithResponse(this,response)}requestErrored(request,error){this.result={success:!1,error:error},this.delegate.formSubmissionErrored(this,error)}requestFinished(_request){var _a;this.state=FormSubmissionState.stopped,null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.removeAttribute("disabled"),this.resetSubmitterText(),dispatch("turbo:submit-end",{target:this.formElement,detail:Object.assign({formSubmission:this},this.result)}),this.delegate.formSubmissionFinished(this)}setSubmitsWith(){var input;this.submitter&&this.submitsWith&&(this.submitter.matches("button")?(this.originalSubmitText=this.submitter.innerHTML,this.submitter.innerHTML=this.submitsWith):this.submitter.matches("input")&&(input=this.submitter,this.originalSubmitText=input.value,input.value=this.submitsWith))}resetSubmitterText(){this.submitter&&this.originalSubmitText&&(this.submitter.matches("button")?this.submitter.innerHTML=this.originalSubmitText:this.submitter.matches("input")&&(this.submitter.value=this.originalSubmitText))}requestMustRedirect(request){return!request.isSafe&&this.mustRedirect}requestAcceptsTurboStreamResponse(request){return!request.isSafe||function hasAttribute(attributeName,…elements){return elements.some(element=>element&&element.hasAttribute(attributeName))}("data-turbo-stream",this.submitter,this.formElement)}get submitsWith(){var _a;return null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("data-turbo-submits-with")}}class Snapshot{constructor(element){this.element=element}get activeElement(){return this.element.ownerDocument.activeElement}get children(){return[…this.element.children]}hasAnchor(anchor){return null!=this.getElementForAnchor(anchor)}getElementForAnchor(anchor){return anchor?this.element.querySelector(`[id='${anchor}'], a[name="${anchor}"]`):null}get isConnected(){return this.element.isConnected}get firstAutofocusableElement(){for(const element of this.element.querySelectorAll("[autofocus]"))if(null==element.closest("[inert], :disabled, [hidden], details:not([open]), dialog:not([open])"))return element;return null}get permanentElements(){return queryPermanentElementsAll(this.element)}getPermanentElementById(id){return getPermanentElementById(this.element,id)}getPermanentElementMapForSnapshot(snapshot){var permanentElementMap={};for(const currentPermanentElement of this.permanentElements){var id=currentPermanentElement["id"],newPermanentElement=snapshot.getPermanentElementById(id);newPermanentElement&&(permanentElementMap[id]=[currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement])}return permanentElementMap}}function getPermanentElementById(node,id){return node.querySelector(`#${id}[data-turbo-permanent]`)}function queryPermanentElementsAll(node){return node.querySelectorAll("[id][data-turbo-permanent]")}class FormSubmitObserver{constructor(delegate,eventTarget){this.started=!1,this.submitCaptured=()=>{this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("submit",this.submitBubbled,!1),this.eventTarget.addEventListener("submit",this.submitBubbled,!1)},this.submitBubbled=event=>{var form,submitter;event.defaultPrevented||(form=event.target instanceof HTMLFormElement?event.target:void 0,submitter=event.submitter||void 0,form&&function submissionDoesNotDismissDialog(form,submitter){submitter=(null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formmethod"))||form.getAttribute("method");return"dialog"!=submitter}(form,submitter)&&function submissionDoesNotTargetIFrame(form,submitter){{if(null!=submitter&&submitter.hasAttribute("formtarget")||form.hasAttribute("target")){submitter=(null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formtarget"))||form.target;for(const element of document.getElementsByName(submitter))if(element instanceof HTMLIFrameElement)return}return 1}}(form,submitter)&&this.delegate.willSubmitForm(form,submitter)&&(event.preventDefault(),event.stopImmediatePropagation(),this.delegate.formSubmitted(form,submitter)))},this.delegate=delegate,this.eventTarget=eventTarget}start(){this.started||(this.eventTarget.addEventListener("submit",this.submitCaptured,!0),this.started=!0)}stop(){this.started&&(this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("submit",this.submitCaptured,!0),this.started=!1)}}class View{constructor(delegate,element){this.resolveRenderPromise=_value=>{},this.resolveInterceptionPromise=_value=>{},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element}scrollToAnchor(anchor){anchor=this.snapshot.getElementForAnchor(anchor);anchor?(this.scrollToElement(anchor),this.focusElement(anchor)):this.scrollToPosition({x:0,y:0})}scrollToAnchorFromLocation(location2){this.scrollToAnchor(getAnchor(location2))}scrollToElement(element){element.scrollIntoView()}focusElement(element){element instanceof HTMLElement&&(element.hasAttribute("tabindex")?element.focus():(element.setAttribute("tabindex","-1"),element.focus(),element.removeAttribute("tabindex")))}scrollToPosition({x,y}){this.scrollRoot.scrollTo(x,y)}scrollToTop(){this.scrollToPosition({x:0,y:0})}get scrollRoot(){return window}render(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var{isPreview,shouldRender,newSnapshot:snapshot}=renderer;if(shouldRender)try{this.renderPromise=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveRenderPromise=resolve),this.renderer=renderer,yield this.prepareToRenderSnapshot(renderer);var renderInterception=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveInterceptionPromise=resolve),options={resume:this.resolveInterceptionPromise,render:this.renderer.renderElement};this.delegate.allowsImmediateRender(snapshot,options)||(yield renderInterception),yield this.renderSnapshot(renderer),this.delegate.viewRenderedSnapshot(snapshot,isPreview),this.delegate.preloadOnLoadLinksForView(this.element),this.finishRenderingSnapshot(renderer)}finally{delete this.renderer,this.resolveRenderPromise(void 0),delete this.renderPromise}else this.invalidate(renderer.reloadReason)})}invalidate(reason){this.delegate.viewInvalidated(reason)}prepareToRenderSnapshot(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){this.markAsPreview(renderer.isPreview),yield renderer.prepareToRender()})}markAsPreview(isPreview){isPreview?this.element.setAttribute("data-turbo-preview",""):this.element.removeAttribute("data-turbo-preview")}renderSnapshot(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){yield renderer.render()})}finishRenderingSnapshot(renderer){renderer.finishRendering()}}class FrameView extends View{missing(){this.element.innerHTML='<strong>Content missing</strong>'}get snapshot(){return new Snapshot(this.element)}}class LinkInterceptor{constructor(delegate,element){this.clickBubbled=event=>{this.respondsToEventTarget(event.target)?this.clickEvent=event:delete this.clickEvent},this.linkClicked=event=>{this.clickEvent&&this.respondsToEventTarget(event.target)&&event.target instanceof Element&&this.delegate.shouldInterceptLinkClick(event.target,event.detail.url,event.detail.originalEvent)&&(this.clickEvent.preventDefault(),event.preventDefault(),this.delegate.linkClickIntercepted(event.target,event.detail.url,event.detail.originalEvent)),delete this.clickEvent},this.willVisit=_event=>{delete this.clickEvent},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element}start(){this.element.addEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled),document.addEventListener("turbo:click",this.linkClicked),document.addEventListener("turbo:before-visit",this.willVisit)}stop(){this.element.removeEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled),document.removeEventListener("turbo:click",this.linkClicked),document.removeEventListener("turbo:before-visit",this.willVisit)}respondsToEventTarget(target){target=target instanceof Element?target:target instanceof Node?target.parentElement:null;return target&&target.closest("turbo-frame, html")==this.element}}class LinkClickObserver{constructor(delegate,eventTarget){this.started=!1,this.clickCaptured=()=>{this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled,!1),this.eventTarget.addEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled,!1)},this.clickBubbled=event=>{var target,location2;event instanceof MouseEvent&&this.clickEventIsSignificant(event)&&(target=event.composedPath&&event.composedPath()[0]||event.target,(target=this.findLinkFromClickTarget(target))&&function doesNotTargetIFrame(anchor){{if(anchor.hasAttribute("target"))for(const element of document.getElementsByName(anchor.target))if(element instanceof HTMLIFrameElement)return;return 1}}(target)&&(location2=this.getLocationForLink(target),this.delegate.willFollowLinkToLocation(target,location2,event)&&(event.preventDefault(),this.delegate.followedLinkToLocation(target,location2))))},this.delegate=delegate,this.eventTarget=eventTarget}start(){this.started||(this.eventTarget.addEventListener("click",this.clickCaptured,!0),this.started=!0)}stop(){this.started&&(this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("click",this.clickCaptured,!0),this.started=!1)}clickEventIsSignificant(event){return!(event.target&&event.target.isContentEditable||event.defaultPrevented||1<event.which||event.altKey||event.ctrlKey||event.metaKey||event.shiftKey)}findLinkFromClickTarget(target){return findClosestRecursively(target,"a[href]:not([target^=_]):not([download])")}getLocationForLink(link){return expandURL(link.getAttribute("href")||"")}} FormLinkClickObserver{constructor(delegate,element){this.delegate=delegate,this.linkInterceptor=new LinkClickObserver(this,element)}start(){this.linkInterceptor.start()}stop(){this.linkInterceptor.stop()}willFollowLinkToLocation(link,location2,originalEvent){return this.delegate.willSubmitFormLinkToLocation(link,location2,originalEvent)&&link.hasAttribute("data-turbo-method")}followedLinkToLocation(link,location2){const form=document.createElement("form");var name,value;for([name,value]of location2.searchParams)form.append(Object.assign(document.createElement("input"),{type:"hidden",name:name,value:value}));var action=Object.assign(location2,{search:""}),action=(form.setAttribute("data-turbo","true"),form.setAttribute("action",action.href),form.setAttribute("hidden",""),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-method")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("method",action),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-frame")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-frame",action),getVisitAction(link)),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-action",action),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-confirm")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-confirm",action),link.hasAttribute("data-turbo-stream"));action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-stream",""),this.delegate.submittedFormLinkToLocation(link,location2,form),document.body.appendChild(form),form.addEventListener("turbo:submit-end",()=>form.remove(),{once:!0}),requestAnimationFrame(()=>form.requestSubmit())}}class Bardo{static preservingPermanentElements(delegate,permanentElementMap,callback){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var bardo=new this(delegate,permanentElementMap);bardo.enter(),yield callback(),bardo.leave()})}constructor(delegate,permanentElementMap){this.delegate=delegate,this.permanentElementMap=permanentElementMap}enter(){for(const id in this.permanentElementMap){var[currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement]=this.permanentElementMap[id];this.delegate.enteringBardo(currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement),this.replaceNewPermanentElementWithPlaceholder(newPermanentElement)}}leave(){for(const id in this.permanentElementMap){var[currentPermanentElement]=this.permanentElementMap[id];this.replaceCurrentPermanentElementWithClone(currentPermanentElement),this.replacePlaceholderWithPermanentElement(currentPermanentElement),this.delegate.leavingBardo(currentPermanentElement)}}replaceNewPermanentElementWithPlaceholder(permanentElement){var placeholder=function createPlaceholderForPermanentElement(permanentElement){var element=document.createElement("meta");return element.setAttribute("name","turbo-permanent-placeholder"),element.setAttribute("content",permanentElement.id),element}(permanentElement);permanentElement.replaceWith(placeholder)}replaceCurrentPermanentElementWithClone(permanentElement){var clone=permanentElement.cloneNode(!0);permanentElement.replaceWith(clone)}replacePlaceholderWithPermanentElement(permanentElement){var placeholder=this.getPlaceholderById(permanentElement.id);null!=placeholder&&placeholder.replaceWith(permanentElement)}getPlaceholderById(id){return this.placeholders.find(element=>element.content==id)}get placeholders(){return[…document.querySelectorAll("meta[name=turbo-permanent-placeholder][content]")]}}class Renderer{constructor(currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender=!0){this.activeElement=null,this.currentSnapshot=currentSnapshot,this.newSnapshot=newSnapshot,this.isPreview=isPreview,this.willRender=willRender,this.renderElement=renderElement,this.promise=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>this.resolvingFunctions={resolve:resolve,reject:reject})}get shouldRender(){return!0}get reloadReason(){}prepareToRender(){}finishRendering(){this.resolvingFunctions&&(this.resolvingFunctions.resolve(),delete this.resolvingFunctions)}preservingPermanentElements(callback){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){yield Bardo.preservingPermanentElements(this,this.permanentElementMap,callback)})}focusFirstAutofocusableElement(){var element=this.connectedSnapshot.firstAutofocusableElement;!function elementIsFocusable(element){return element&&"function"==typeof element.focus}(element)||element.focus()}enteringBardo(currentPermanentElement){this.activeElement||currentPermanentElement.contains(this.currentSnapshot.activeElement)&&(this.activeElement=this.currentSnapshot.activeElement)}leavingBardo(currentPermanentElement){currentPermanentElement.contains(this.activeElement)&&this.activeElement instanceof HTMLElement&&(this.activeElement.focus(),this.activeElement=null)}get connectedSnapshot(){return this.newSnapshot.isConnected?this.newSnapshot:this.currentSnapshot}get currentElement(){return this.currentSnapshot.element}get newElement(){return this.newSnapshot.element}get permanentElementMap(){return this.currentSnapshot.getPermanentElementMapForSnapshot(this.newSnapshot)}}class FrameRenderer extends Renderer{static renderElement(currentElement,newElement){var destinationRange=document.createRange(),destinationRange=(destinationRange.selectNodeContents(currentElement),destinationRange.deleteContents(),newElement),newElement=null==(newElement=destinationRange.ownerDocument)?void 0:newElement.createRange();newElement&&(newElement.selectNodeContents(destinationRange),currentElement.appendChild(newElement.extractContents()))}constructor(delegate,currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender=!0){super(currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender