US Rate Cut Hopes Offer Support Amid Demand Worries

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<h3>Supply Cuts Vs Shaky Data</h3>
<p>Oil prices hit their highest level of 2023 in September but have declined very sharply since. The United States West Texas Intermediate benchmark topped out at $94.99/barrel on September 28 as major producers Saudi Arabia and Russia both opted to extend production cuts. However, crude prices have shed more than $20 from those peaks, despite the prospect of ongoing production curbs by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies- known as the OPEC Plus group.</p>
<p>Shaky economic data kept the market fretting about likely end-demand for energy from some of the largest importers, with China in particular focus. Indeed. news that production cuts would be extended into the New Year wasn’t enough to keep prices from falling further in November. Moreover, the large, developed economies are still struggling with the burden of interest rates at highs not seen for a generation, with the lagged effects of these perhaps still to be felt in many cases.</p>
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<h3>Crude Bulls Hope For Increased US Demand, IEA Thinks They’ll Get It</h3>
<p>The struggle between major producers’ desire to support prices and fundamental worries about global demand is of course not going to end simply because the calendar has flipped over to a new year.</p>
<p>But there are some bullish glimmers in sight for a market that’s clearly been under pressure for months. Indeed, the International Energy Agency has just increased its own forecast for crude demand in 2024. It’s looking for an increase of 1.1 million barrels per day, up 130,000 barrels from its previous forecast, citing an improvement in US appetite for oil.</p>
<p>Based on the most recent commentary from the Federal Reserve, financial markets now dare to hope that interest rate cuts may come as soon as March. This prospect alone has given crude a modest lift simply by weakening the Dollar and making oil products priced in it more attractive.</p>
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<span><br />
<span data-stream-type="sentiment" data-market- data-value="–" data-type="long-value-info"><br />
</span><br />
<span>of clients are </span><span>net long.</span> </span><br />
<span><br />
<span data-stream-type="sentiment" data-market- data-value="–" data-type="short-value-info"><br />
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<span>of clients are </span><span>net short.</span> </span>
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Change in </td>
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Longs </td>
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Shorts </td>
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OI </td>
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<td>Daily</td>
<td>1%</td>
<td>-4%</td>
<td>0%</td>
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<td>Weekly</td>
<td>13%</td>
<td>-10%</td>
<td>9%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<h3>The Fed May Cut Rates. Will Anyone Else?</h3>
<p>Still, even if the US has defeated inflation, it’s far from clear that other major economies are as comfortable. The Eurozone and United Kingdom still look set for extended periods of higher borrowing costs as they attempt to wrestle prices lower, with the monetary view ahead not less certain and possibly more diverse than it has been for a long time.</p>
<p>Perhaps most worryingly of all for energy markets China remains mired in a deflationary slowdown, with Beijing seemingly unwilling or unable to unleash the sort of massive stimulus markets would like to see.</p>
<p>So, while there’s some cautious monetary optimism heading into 2024, there are clearly some major headwinds for the oil markets too. It’s also possible that investors are getting ahead of themselves with those US rate-cut bets. Inflation can be very hard to kill, and prone to resurgence even when it seems to be fading out.</p>
<p>Crude may not slide below its most recent lows in the coming three months, but it’s not likely to revisit those 2023 highs either.</p>
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<p><script>
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this.registerRegistry)return this.namedRegisterAliases[id]||id;throw err}},systemJSPrototype.instantiate),getRegister=(systemJSPrototype.instantiate=function(url,firstParentUrl,meta){var result=this.registerRegistry[url];return result?(this.registerRegistry[url]=null,result):instantiate.call(this,url,firstParentUrl,meta)},systemJSPrototype.getRegister);systemJSPrototype.getRegister=function(url){var register=getRegister.call(this,url),url=(firstName&&url&&(this.namedRegisterAliases[firstName]=url),firstNamedDefine||register);return firstName=firstNamedDefine=null,url}}("undefined"!=typeof self?self:global),!function(exports){"use strict";var FrameLoadingStyle,FetchMethod,FormSubmissionState,FormEnctype,TimingMetric,VisitState,SystemStatusCode,PageStage,__async$3=(__this,__arguments,generator)=>new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{var fulfilled=value=>{try{step(generator.next(value))}catch(e){reject(e)}},rejected=value=>{try{step(generator.throw(value))}catch(e){reject(e)}},step=x=>x.done?resolve(x.value):Promise.resolve(x.value).then(fulfilled,rejected);step((generator=generator.apply(__this,__arguments)).next())});if(void 0!==window.Reflect&&void 0!==window.customElements&&!window.customElements.polyfillWrapFlushCallback){const BuiltInHTMLElement=HTMLElement,wrapperForTheName_HTMLElement=function HTMLElement2(){return Reflect.construct(BuiltInHTMLElement,[],this.constructor)};window.HTMLElement=wrapperForTheName_HTMLElement,HTMLElement.prototype=BuiltInHTMLElement.prototype,HTMLElement.prototype.constructor=HTMLElement,Object.setPrototypeOf(HTMLElement,BuiltInHTMLElement)}function raise(errorConstructor,message,name){throw new errorConstructor("Failed to execute 'requestSubmit' on 'HTMLFormElement': "+message+".",name)}"function"!=typeof(prototype=HTMLFormElement.prototype).requestSubmit&&(prototype.requestSubmit=function(submitter){submitter?(function validateSubmitter(submitter,form){submitter instanceof HTMLElement||raise(TypeError,"parameter 1 is not of type 'HTMLElement'"),"submit"!=submitter.type&&raise(TypeError,"The specified element is not a submit button"),submitter.form!=form&&raise(DOMException,"The specified element is not owned by this form element","NotFoundError")}(submitter,this),submitter.click()):((submitter=document.createElement("input")).type="submit",submitter.hidden=!0,this.appendChild(submitter),submitter.click(),this.removeChild(submitter))});const submittersByForm=new WeakMap;function clickCaptured(event){event=function findSubmitterFromClickTarget(target){return"submit"==(null==(target=(target=target instanceof Element?target:target instanceof Node?target.parentElement:null)?target.closest("input, button"):null)?void 0:target.type)?target:null}(event.target);event&&event.form&&submittersByForm.set(event.form,event)}!function(){if(!("submitter"in Event.prototype)){let prototype=window.Event.prototype;if("SubmitEvent"in window&&/Apple Computer/.test(navigator.vendor))prototype=window.SubmitEvent.prototype;else if("SubmitEvent"in window)return;addEventListener("click",clickCaptured,!0),Object.defineProperty(prototype,"submitter",{get(){if("submit"==this.type&&this.target instanceof HTMLFormElement)return submittersByForm.get(this.target)}})}}(),(prototype=FrameLoadingStyle=FrameLoadingStyle||{}).eager="eager",prototype.lazy="lazy";class FrameElement extends HTMLElement{static get observedAttributes(){return["disabled","complete","loading","src"]}constructor(){super(),this.loaded=Promise.resolve(),this.delegate=new FrameElement.delegateConstructor(this)}connectedCallback(){this.delegate.connect()}disconnectedCallback(){this.delegate.disconnect()}reload(){return this.delegate.sourceURLReloaded()}attributeChangedCallback(name){"loading"==name?this.delegate.loadingStyleChanged():"complete"==name?this.delegate.completeChanged():"src"==name?this.delegate.sourceURLChanged():this.delegate.disabledChanged()}get src(){return this.getAttribute("src")}set src(value){value?this.setAttribute("src",value):this.removeAttribute("src")}get loading(){return function frameLoadingStyleFromString(style){{if("lazy"!==style.toLowerCase())return FrameLoadingStyle.eager;return FrameLoadingStyle.lazy}}(this.getAttribute("loading")||"")}set loading(value){value?this.setAttribute("loading",value):this.removeAttribute("loading")}get disabled(){return this.hasAttribute("disabled")}set disabled(value){value?this.setAttribute("disabled",""):this.removeAttribute("disabled")}get autoscroll(){return this.hasAttribute("autoscroll")}set autoscroll(value){value?this.setAttribute("autoscroll",""):this.removeAttribute("autoscroll")}get complete(){return!this.delegate.isLoading}get isActive(){return this.ownerDocument===document&&!this.isPreview}get isPreview(){var _a;return null==(_a=null==(_a=this.ownerDocument)?void 0:_a.documentElement)?void 0:_a.hasAttribute("data-turbo-preview")}}function expandURL(locatable){return new URL(locatable.toString(),document.baseURI)}function getAnchor(url){return url.hash?url.hash.slice(1):(url=url.href.match(/#(.*)$/))?url[1]:void 0}function getAction(form,submitter){return expandURL((null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formaction"))||form.getAttribute("action")||form.action)}function getExtension(url){return(function getLastPathComponent(url){return function getPathComponents(url){return url.pathname.split("/").slice(1)}(url).slice(-1)[0]}(url).match(/.[^.]*$/)||[])[0]||""}function isPrefixedBy(baseURL,url){url=function getPrefix(url){return function addTrailingSlash(value){return value.endsWith("/")?value:value+"/"}(url.origin+url.pathname)}(url);return baseURL.href===expandURL(url).href||baseURL.href.startsWith(url)}function locationIsVisitable(location2,rootLocation){return isPrefixedBy(location2,rootLocation)&&function isHTML(url){return!!getExtension(url).match(/^(?:|.(?:htm|html|xhtml|php))$/)}(location2)}function getRequestURL(url){var anchor=getAnchor(url);return null!=anchor?url.href.slice(0,-(anchor.length+1)):url.href}function toCacheKey(url){return getRequestURL(url)}class FetchResponse{constructor(response){this.response=response}get succeeded(){return this.response.ok}get failed(){return!this.succeeded}get clientError(){return 400<=this.statusCode&&this.statusCode<=499}get serverError(){return 500<=this.statusCode&&this.statusCode<=599}get redirected(){return this.response.redirected}get location(){return expandURL(this.response.url)}get isHTML(){return this.contentType&&this.contentType.match(/^(?:text/([^s;,]+)?html|application/xhtml+xml)/)}get statusCode(){return this.response.status}get contentType(){return this.header("Content-Type")}get responseText(){return this.response.clone().text()}get responseHTML(){return this.isHTML?this.response.clone().text():Promise.resolve(void 0)}header(name){return this.response.headers.get(name)}}function activateScriptElement(element){var createdScriptElement,cspNonce;return"false"==element.getAttribute("data-turbo-eval")?element:(createdScriptElement=document.createElement("script"),(cspNonce=getMetaContent("csp-nonce"))&&(createdScriptElement.nonce=cspNonce),createdScriptElement.textContent=element.textContent,createdScriptElement.async=!1,function copyElementAttributes(destinationElement,sourceElement){for(var{name,value}of sourceElement.attributes)destinationElement.setAttribute(name,value)}(createdScriptElement,element),createdScriptElement)}function dispatch(eventName,{target,cancelable,detail}={}){eventName=new CustomEvent(eventName,{cancelable:cancelable,bubbles:!0,composed:!0,detail:detail});return(target&&target.isConnected?target:document.documentElement).dispatchEvent(eventName),eventName}function nextAnimationFrame(){return new Promise(resolve=>requestAnimationFrame(()=>resolve()))}function parseHTMLDocument(html=""){return(new DOMParser).parseFromString(html,"text/html")}function unindent(strings,…values){strings=function interpolate(strings,values){return strings.reduce((result,string,i)=>{return result+string+(null==values[i]?"":values[i])},"")}(strings,values).replace(/^
/,"").split("
"),values=strings[0].match(/^s+/);const indent=values?values[0].length:0;return strings.map(line=>line.slice(indent)).join("
")}function uuid(){return Array.from({length:36}).map((_,i)=>8==i||13==i||18==i||23==i?"-":14==i?"4":(19==i?Math.floor(4*Math.random())+8:Math.floor(15*Math.random())).toString(16)).join("")}function getAttribute(attributeName,…elements){for(const value of elements.map(element=>null==element?void 0:element.getAttribute(attributeName)))if("string"==typeof value)return value;return null}function markAsBusy(…elements){for(const element of elements)"turbo-frame"==element.localName&&element.setAttribute("busy",""),element.setAttribute("aria-busy","true")}function clearBusyState(…elements){for(const element of elements)"turbo-frame"==element.localName&&element.removeAttribute("busy"),element.removeAttribute("aria-busy")}function getHistoryMethodForAction(action){switch(action){case"replace":return history.replaceState;case"advance":case"restore":return history.pushState}}function getVisitAction(…elements){elements=getAttribute("data-turbo-action",…elements);return function isAction(action){return"advance"==action||"replace"==action||"restore"==action}(elements)?elements:null}function getMetaElement(name){return document.querySelector(`meta[name="${name}"]`)}function getMetaContent(name){name=getMetaElement(name);return name&&name.content}function findClosestRecursively(element,selector){if(element instanceof Element)return element.closest(selector)||findClosestRecursively(element.assignedSlot||(null==(element=element.getRootNode())?void 0:element.host),selector)}(prototype=FetchMethod=FetchMethod||{})[prototype.get=0]="get",prototype[prototype.post=1]="post",prototype[prototype.put=2]="put",prototype[prototype.patch=3]="patch",prototype[prototype.delete=4]="delete";class FetchRequest{constructor(delegate,method,location2,body=new URLSearchParams,target=null){this.abortController=new AbortController,this.resolveRequestPromise=_value=>{},this.delegate=delegate,this.method=method,this.headers=this.defaultHeaders,this.body=body,this.url=location2,this.target=target}get location(){return this.url}get params(){return this.url.searchParams}get entries(){return this.body?Array.from(this.body.entries()):[]}cancel(){this.abortController.abort()}perform(){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var fetchOptions=this["fetchOptions"];this.delegate.prepareRequest(this),yield this.allowRequestToBeIntercepted(fetchOptions);try{this.delegate.requestStarted(this);var response=yield fetch(this.url.href,fetchOptions);return yield this.receive(response)}catch(error){if("AbortError"!==error.name)throw this.willDelegateErrorHandling(error)&&this.delegate.requestErrored(this,error),error}finally{this.delegate.requestFinished(this)}})}receive(response){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var fetchResponse=new FetchResponse(response);return dispatch("turbo:before-fetch-response",{cancelable:!0,detail:{fetchResponse:fetchResponse},target:this.target}).defaultPrevented?this.delegate.requestPreventedHandlingResponse(this,fetchResponse):fetchResponse.succeeded?this.delegate.requestSucceededWithResponse(this,fetchResponse):this.delegate.requestFailedWithResponse(this,fetchResponse),fetchResponse})}get fetchOptions(){var _a;return{method:FetchMethod[this.method].toUpperCase(),credentials:"same-origin",headers:this.headers,redirect:"follow",body:this.isSafe?null:this.body,signal:this.abortSignal,referrer:null==(_a=this.delegate.referrer)?void 0:_a.href}}get defaultHeaders(){return{Accept:"text/html, application/xhtml+xml"}}get isSafe(){return this.method===FetchMethod.get}get abortSignal(){return this.abortController.signal}acceptResponseType(mimeType){this.headers.Accept=[mimeType,this.headers.Accept].join(", ")}allowRequestToBeIntercepted(fetchOptions){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var requestInterception=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveRequestPromise=resolve);dispatch("turbo:before-fetch-request",{cancelable:!0,detail:{fetchOptions:fetchOptions,url:this.url,resume:this.resolveRequestPromise},target:this.target}).defaultPrevented&&(yield requestInterception)})}willDelegateErrorHandling(error){return!dispatch("turbo:fetch-request-error",{target:this.target,cancelable:!0,detail:{request:this,error:error}}).defaultPrevented}}class AppearanceObserver{constructor(delegate,element){this.started=!1,this.intersect=entries=>{entries=entries.slice(-1)[0];null!=entries&&entries.isIntersecting&&this.delegate.elementAppearedInViewport(this.element)},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element,this.intersectionObserver=new IntersectionObserver(this.intersect)}start(){this.started||(this.started=!0,this.intersectionObserver.observe(this.element))}stop(){this.started&&(this.started=!1,this.intersectionObserver.unobserve(this.element))}}class StreamMessage{static wrap(message){return"string"==typeof message?new this(function createDocumentFragment(html){var template=document.createElement("template");return template.innerHTML=html,template.content}(message)):message}constructor(fragment){this.fragment=function importStreamElements(fragment){for(const element of fragment.querySelectorAll("turbo-stream")){var streamElement=document.importNode(element,!0);for(const inertScriptElement of streamElement.templateElement.content.querySelectorAll("script"))inertScriptElement.replaceWith(activateScriptElement(inertScriptElement));element.replaceWith(streamElement)}return fragment}(fragment)}}StreamMessage.contentType="text/vnd.turbo-stream.html",(prototype=FormSubmissionState=FormSubmissionState||{})[prototype.initialized=0]="initialized",prototype[prototype.requesting=1]="requesting",prototype[prototype.waiting=2]="waiting",prototype[prototype.receiving=3]="receiving",prototype[prototype.stopping=4]="stopping",prototype[prototype.stopped=5]="stopped",(prototype=FormEnctype=FormEnctype||{}).urlEncoded="application/x-www-form-urlencoded",prototype.multipart="multipart/form-data",prototype.plain="text/plain";class FormSubmission{static confirmMethod(message,_element,_submitter){return Promise.resolve(confirm(message))}constructor(delegate,formElement,submitter,mustRedirect=!1){this.state=FormSubmissionState.initialized,this.delegate=delegate,this.formElement=formElement,this.submitter=submitter,this.formData=function buildFormData(formElement,submitter){var formElement=new FormData(formElement),name=null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("name"),submitter=null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("value");name&&formElement.append(name,submitter||"");return formElement}(formElement,submitter),this.location=expandURL(this.action),this.method==FetchMethod.get&&function mergeFormDataEntries(url,entries){var searchParams=new URLSearchParams;for(var[name,value]of entries)value instanceof File||searchParams.append(name,value);url.search=searchParams.toString()}(this.location,[…this.body.entries()]),this.fetchRequest=new FetchRequest(this,this.method,this.location,this.body,this.formElement),this.mustRedirect=mustRedirect}get method(){var _a;return function fetchMethodFromString(method){switch(method.toLowerCase()){case"get":return FetchMethod.get;case"post":return FetchMethod.post;case"put":return FetchMethod.put;case"patch":return FetchMethod.patch;case"delete":return FetchMethod.delete}}(((null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("formmethod"))||this.formElement.getAttribute("method")||"").toLowerCase())||FetchMethod.get}get action(){var _a,formElementAction="string"==typeof this.formElement.action?this.formElement.action:null;return null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.hasAttribute("formaction")?this.submitter.getAttribute("formaction")||"":this.formElement.getAttribute("action")||formElementAction||""}get body(){return this.enctype==FormEnctype.urlEncoded||this.method==FetchMethod.get?new URLSearchParams(this.stringFormData):this.formData}get enctype(){var _a;return function formEnctypeFromString(encoding){switch(encoding.toLowerCase()){case FormEnctype.multipart:return FormEnctype.multipart;case FormEnctype.plain:return FormEnctype.plain;default:return FormEnctype.urlEncoded}}((null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("formenctype"))||this.formElement.enctype)}get isSafe(){return this.fetchRequest.isSafe}get stringFormData(){return[…this.formData].reduce((entries,[name,value])=>entries.concat("string"==typeof value?[[name,value]]:[]),[])}start(){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var{initialized,requesting}=FormSubmissionState,confirmationMessage=getAttribute("data-turbo-confirm",this.submitter,this.formElement);if("string"==typeof confirmationMessage&&!(yield FormSubmission.confirmMethod(confirmationMessage,this.formElement,this.submitter)))return;if(this.state==initialized)return this.state=requesting,this.fetchRequest.perform()})}stop(){var{stopping,stopped}=FormSubmissionState;if(this.state!=stopping&&this.state!=stopped)return this.state=stopping,this.fetchRequest.cancel(),!0}prepareRequest(request){var token;request.isSafe||(token=function getCookieValue(cookieName){{var cookie;return null!=cookieName&&(cookie=(document.cookie?document.cookie.split("; "):[]).find(cookie2=>cookie2.startsWith(cookieName)))&&(cookie=cookie.split("=").slice(1).join("="))?decodeURIComponent(cookie):void 0}}(getMetaContent("csrf-param"))||getMetaContent("csrf-token"))&&(request.headers["X-CSRF-Token"]=token),this.requestAcceptsTurboStreamResponse(request)&&request.acceptResponseType(StreamMessage.contentType)}requestStarted(_request){var _a;this.state=FormSubmissionState.waiting,null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.setAttribute("disabled",""),this.setSubmitsWith(),dispatch("turbo:submit-start",{target:this.formElement,detail:{formSubmission:this}}),this.delegate.formSubmissionStarted(this)}requestPreventedHandlingResponse(request,response){this.result={success:response.succeeded,fetchResponse:response}}requestSucceededWithResponse(request,response){response.clientError||response.serverError?this.delegate.formSubmissionFailedWithResponse(this,response):this.requestMustRedirect(request)&&function responseSucceededWithoutRedirect(response){return 200==response.statusCode&&!response.redirected}(response)?(request=new Error("Form responses must redirect to another location"),this.delegate.formSubmissionErrored(this,request)):(this.state=FormSubmissionState.receiving,this.result={success:!0,fetchResponse:response},this.delegate.formSubmissionSucceededWithResponse(this,response))}requestFailedWithResponse(request,response){this.result={success:!1,fetchResponse:response},this.delegate.formSubmissionFailedWithResponse(this,response)}requestErrored(request,error){this.result={success:!1,error:error},this.delegate.formSubmissionErrored(this,error)}requestFinished(_request){var _a;this.state=FormSubmissionState.stopped,null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.removeAttribute("disabled"),this.resetSubmitterText(),dispatch("turbo:submit-end",{target:this.formElement,detail:Object.assign({formSubmission:this},this.result)}),this.delegate.formSubmissionFinished(this)}setSubmitsWith(){var input;this.submitter&&this.submitsWith&&(this.submitter.matches("button")?(this.originalSubmitText=this.submitter.innerHTML,this.submitter.innerHTML=this.submitsWith):this.submitter.matches("input")&&(input=this.submitter,this.originalSubmitText=input.value,input.value=this.submitsWith))}resetSubmitterText(){this.submitter&&this.originalSubmitText&&(this.submitter.matches("button")?this.submitter.innerHTML=this.originalSubmitText:this.submitter.matches("input")&&(this.submitter.value=this.originalSubmitText))}requestMustRedirect(request){return!request.isSafe&&this.mustRedirect}requestAcceptsTurboStreamResponse(request){return!request.isSafe||function hasAttribute(attributeName,…elements){return elements.some(element=>element&&element.hasAttribute(attributeName))}("data-turbo-stream",this.submitter,this.formElement)}get submitsWith(){var _a;return null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("data-turbo-submits-with")}}class Snapshot{constructor(element){this.element=element}get activeElement(){return this.element.ownerDocument.activeElement}get children(){return[…this.element.children]}hasAnchor(anchor){return null!=this.getElementForAnchor(anchor)}getElementForAnchor(anchor){return anchor?this.element.querySelector(`[id='${anchor}'], a[name="${anchor}"]`):null}get isConnected(){return this.element.isConnected}get firstAutofocusableElement(){for(const element of this.element.querySelectorAll("[autofocus]"))if(null==element.closest("[inert], :disabled, [hidden], details:not([open]), dialog:not([open])"))return element;return null}get permanentElements(){return queryPermanentElementsAll(this.element)}getPermanentElementById(id){return getPermanentElementById(this.element,id)}getPermanentElementMapForSnapshot(snapshot){var permanentElementMap={};for(const currentPermanentElement of this.permanentElements){var id=currentPermanentElement["id"],newPermanentElement=snapshot.getPermanentElementById(id);newPermanentElement&&(permanentElementMap[id]=[currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement])}return permanentElementMap}}function getPermanentElementById(node,id){return node.querySelector(`#${id}[data-turbo-permanent]`)}function queryPermanentElementsAll(node){return node.querySelectorAll("[id][data-turbo-permanent]")}class FormSubmitObserver{constructor(delegate,eventTarget){this.started=!1,this.submitCaptured=()=>{this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("submit",this.submitBubbled,!1),this.eventTarget.addEventListener("submit",this.submitBubbled,!1)},this.submitBubbled=event=>{var form,submitter;event.defaultPrevented||(form=event.target instanceof HTMLFormElement?event.target:void 0,submitter=event.submitter||void 0,form&&function submissionDoesNotDismissDialog(form,submitter){submitter=(null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formmethod"))||form.getAttribute("method");return"dialog"!=submitter}(form,submitter)&&function submissionDoesNotTargetIFrame(form,submitter){{if(null!=submitter&&submitter.hasAttribute("formtarget")||form.hasAttribute("target")){submitter=(null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formtarget"))||form.target;for(const element of document.getElementsByName(submitter))if(element instanceof HTMLIFrameElement)return}return 1}}(form,submitter)&&this.delegate.willSubmitForm(form,submitter)&&(event.preventDefault(),event.stopImmediatePropagation(),this.delegate.formSubmitted(form,submitter)))},this.delegate=delegate,this.eventTarget=eventTarget}start(){this.started||(this.eventTarget.addEventListener("submit",this.submitCaptured,!0),this.started=!0)}stop(){this.started&&(this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("submit",this.submitCaptured,!0),this.started=!1)}}class View{constructor(delegate,element){this.resolveRenderPromise=_value=>{},this.resolveInterceptionPromise=_value=>{},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element}scrollToAnchor(anchor){anchor=this.snapshot.getElementForAnchor(anchor);anchor?(this.scrollToElement(anchor),this.focusElement(anchor)):this.scrollToPosition({x:0,y:0})}scrollToAnchorFromLocation(location2){this.scrollToAnchor(getAnchor(location2))}scrollToElement(element){element.scrollIntoView()}focusElement(element){element instanceof HTMLElement&&(element.hasAttribute("tabindex")?element.focus():(element.setAttribute("tabindex","-1"),element.focus(),element.removeAttribute("tabindex")))}scrollToPosition({x,y}){this.scrollRoot.scrollTo(x,y)}scrollToTop(){this.scrollToPosition({x:0,y:0})}get scrollRoot(){return window}render(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var{isPreview,shouldRender,newSnapshot:snapshot}=renderer;if(shouldRender)try{this.renderPromise=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveRenderPromise=resolve),this.renderer=renderer,yield this.prepareToRenderSnapshot(renderer);var renderInterception=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveInterceptionPromise=resolve),options={resume:this.resolveInterceptionPromise,render:this.renderer.renderElement};this.delegate.allowsImmediateRender(snapshot,options)||(yield renderInterception),yield this.renderSnapshot(renderer),this.delegate.viewRenderedSnapshot(snapshot,isPreview),this.delegate.preloadOnLoadLinksForView(this.element),this.finishRenderingSnapshot(renderer)}finally{delete this.renderer,this.resolveRenderPromise(void 0),delete this.renderPromise}else this.invalidate(renderer.reloadReason)})}invalidate(reason){this.delegate.viewInvalidated(reason)}prepareToRenderSnapshot(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){this.markAsPreview(renderer.isPreview),yield renderer.prepareToRender()})}markAsPreview(isPreview){isPreview?this.element.setAttribute("data-turbo-preview",""):this.element.removeAttribute("data-turbo-preview")}renderSnapshot(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){yield renderer.render()})}finishRenderingSnapshot(renderer){renderer.finishRendering()}}class FrameView extends View{missing(){this.element.innerHTML='<strong>Content missing</strong>'}get snapshot(){return new Snapshot(this.element)}}class LinkInterceptor{constructor(delegate,element){this.clickBubbled=event=>{this.respondsToEventTarget(event.target)?this.clickEvent=event:delete this.clickEvent},this.linkClicked=event=>{this.clickEvent&&this.respondsToEventTarget(event.target)&&event.target instanceof Element&&this.delegate.shouldInterceptLinkClick(event.target,event.detail.url,event.detail.originalEvent)&&(this.clickEvent.preventDefault(),event.preventDefault(),this.delegate.linkClickIntercepted(event.target,event.detail.url,event.detail.originalEvent)),delete this.clickEvent},this.willVisit=_event=>{delete this.clickEvent},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element}start(){this.element.addEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled),document.addEventListener("turbo:click",this.linkClicked),document.addEventListener("turbo:before-visit",this.willVisit)}stop(){this.element.removeEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled),document.removeEventListener("turbo:click",this.linkClicked),document.removeEventListener("turbo:before-visit",this.willVisit)}respondsToEventTarget(target){target=target instanceof Element?target:target instanceof Node?target.parentElement:null;return target&&target.closest("turbo-frame, html")==this.element}}class LinkClickObserver{constructor(delegate,eventTarget){this.started=!1,this.clickCaptured=()=>{this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled,!1),this.eventTarget.addEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled,!1)},this.clickBubbled=event=>{var target,location2;event instanceof MouseEvent&&this.clickEventIsSignificant(event)&&(target=event.composedPath&&event.composedPath()[0]||event.target,(target=this.findLinkFromClickTarget(target))&&function doesNotTargetIFrame(anchor){{if(anchor.hasAttribute("target"))for(const element of document.getElementsByName(anchor.target))if(element instanceof HTMLIFrameElement)return;return 1}}(target)&&(location2=this.getLocationForLink(target),this.delegate.willFollowLinkToLocation(target,location2,event)&&(event.preventDefault(),this.delegate.followedLinkToLocation(target,location2))))},this.delegate=delegate,this.eventTarget=eventTarget}start(){this.started||(this.eventTarget.addEventListener("click",this.clickCaptured,!0),this.started=!0)}stop(){this.started&&(this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("click",this.clickCaptured,!0),this.started=!1)}clickEventIsSignificant(event){return!(event.target&&event.target.isContentEditable||event.defaultPrevented||1<event.which||event.altKey||event.ctrlKey||event.metaKey||event.shiftKey)}findLinkFromClickTarget(target){return findClosestRecursively(target,"a[href]:not([target^=_]):not([download])")}getLocationForLink(link){return expandURL(link.getAttribute("href")||"")}} FormLinkClickObserver{constructor(delegate,element){this.delegate=delegate,this.linkInterceptor=new LinkClickObserver(this,element)}start(){this.linkInterceptor.start()}stop(){this.linkInterceptor.stop()}willFollowLinkToLocation(link,location2,originalEvent){return this.delegate.willSubmitFormLinkToLocation(link,location2,originalEvent)&&link.hasAttribute("data-turbo-method")}followedLinkToLocation(link,location2){const form=document.createElement("form");var name,value;for([name,value]of location2.searchParams)form.append(Object.assign(document.createElement("input"),{type:"hidden",name:name,value:value}));var action=Object.assign(location2,{search:""}),action=(form.setAttribute("data-turbo","true"),form.setAttribute("action",action.href),form.setAttribute("hidden",""),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-method")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("method",action),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-frame")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-frame",action),getVisitAction(link)),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-action",action),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-confirm")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-confirm",action),link.hasAttribute("data-turbo-stream"));action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-stream",""),this.delegate.submittedFormLinkToLocation(link,location2,form),document.body.appendChild(form),form.addEventListener("turbo:submit-end",()=>form.remove(),{once:!0}),requestAnimationFrame(()=>form.requestSubmit())}}class Bardo{static preservingPermanentElements(delegate,permanentElementMap,callback){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var bardo=new this(delegate,permanentElementMap);bardo.enter(),yield callback(),bardo.leave()})}constructor(delegate,permanentElementMap){this.delegate=delegate,this.permanentElementMap=permanentElementMap}enter(){for(const id in this.permanentElementMap){var[currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement]=this.permanentElementMap[id];this.delegate.enteringBardo(currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement),this.replaceNewPermanentElementWithPlaceholder(newPermanentElement)}}leave(){for(const id in this.permanentElementMap){var[currentPermanentElement]=this.permanentElementMap[id];this.replaceCurrentPermanentElementWithClone(currentPermanentElement),this.replacePlaceholderWithPermanentElement(currentPermanentElement),this.delegate.leavingBardo(currentPermanentElement)}}replaceNewPermanentElementWithPlaceholder(permanentElement){var placeholder=function createPlaceholderForPermanentElement(permanentElement){var element=document.createElement("meta");return element.setAttribute("name","turbo-permanent-placeholder"),element.setAttribute("content",permanentElement.id),element}(permanentElement);permanentElement.replaceWith(placeholder)}replaceCurrentPermanentElementWithClone(permanentElement){var clone=permanentElement.cloneNode(!0);permanentElement.replaceWith(clone)}replacePlaceholderWithPermanentElement(permanentElement){var placeholder=this.getPlaceholderById(permanentElement.id);null!=placeholder&&placeholder.replaceWith(permanentElement)}getPlaceholderById(id){return this.placeholders.find(element=>element.content==id)}get placeholders(){return[…document.querySelectorAll("meta[name=turbo-permanent-placeholder][content]")]}}class Renderer{constructor(currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender=!0){this.activeElement=null,this.currentSnapshot=currentSnapshot,this.newSnapshot=newSnapshot,this.isPreview=isPreview,this.willRender=willRender,this.renderElement=renderElement,this.promise=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>this.resolvingFunctions={resolve:resolve,reject:reject})}get shouldRender(){return!0}get reloadReason(){}prepareToRender(){}finishRendering(){this.resolvingFunctions&&(this.resolvingFunctions.resolve(),delete this.resolvingFunctions)}preservingPermanentElements(callback){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){yield Bardo.preservingPermanentElements(this,this.permanentElementMap,callback)})}focusFirstAutofocusableElement(){var element=this.connectedSnapshot.firstAutofocusableElement;!function elementIsFocusable(element){return element&&"function"==typeof element.focus}(element)||element.focus()}enteringBardo(currentPermanentElement){this.activeElement||currentPermanentElement.contains(this.currentSnapshot.activeElement)&&(this.activeElement=this.currentSnapshot.activeElement)}leavingBardo(currentPermanentElement){currentPermanentElement.contains(this.activeElement)&&this.activeElement instanceof HTMLElement&&(this.activeElement.focus(),this.activeElement=null)}get connectedSnapshot(){return this.newSnapshot.isConnected?this.newSnapshot:this.currentSnapshot}get currentElement(){return this.currentSnapshot.element}get newElement(){return this.newSnapshot.element}get permanentElementMap(){return this.currentSnapshot.getPermanentElementMapForSnapshot(this.newSnapshot)}}class FrameRenderer extends Renderer{static renderElement(currentElement,newElement){var destinationRange=document.createRange(),destinationRange=(destinationRange.selectNodeContents(currentElement),destinationRange.deleteContents(),newElement),newElement=null==(newElement=destinationRange.ownerDocument)?void 0:newElement.createRange();newElement&&(newElement.selectNodeContents(destinationRange),currentElement.appendChild(newElement.extractContents()))}constructor(delegate,currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender=!0){super(currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender),this.delegate=delegate}get shouldRender(){return!0}render(){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){yield nextAnimationFrame(),this.preservingPermanentElements(()=>{this.loadFrameElement()}),this.scrollFrameIntoView(),yield nextAnimationFrame(),this.focusFirstAutofocusableElement(),yield nextAnimationFrame(),this.activateScriptElements()})}loadFrameElement(){this.delegate.willRenderFrame(this.currentElement,this.newElement),this.renderElement(this.currentElement,this.newElement)}scrollFrameIntoView(){if(this.currentElement.autoscroll||this.newElement.autoscroll){var element=this.currentElement.firstElementChild,block=function readScrollLogicalPosition(value,defa