EUR/CAD Long-Term Reversal as Oil, Inflation Rise

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<h2>EUR/CAD Shaping up for Long-Term Reversal as Oil, Inflation Rise</h2>
<p>EUR/CAD sold off into the end of Q3 after the European Central Bank (ECB) hiked rates to 4% which may prove to be the peak. The euro depreciated immediately as markets lowered their expectations of another hike. Fundamentals in Europe also remain weak as the global growth slowdown takes hold, weighing on the EU currency. The German economy stagnated and could even be experiencing a recession at the time of writing this while the rest of Europe follows not far behind.</p>
<p>China’s disappointing reopening of its economy has a direct effect on Europe as it remains a major trading partner. The Asian nation’s prospects have also soured as the beleaguered property sector desperately scrapes by, demand for imports has waned significantly and exports aren’t being picked due to the global slowdown.</p>
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<p>Across the Atlantic, Canada is also struggling form a growth perspective but relatively speaking, they are witnessing modest growth. Another positive for Canada is the recent surge in oil prices which includes WTI produced in Canada which ought to add to local revenues when converted into Canadian dollars given that global oil demand has proven robust.</p>
<p>Canada also holds an advantage via the interest rate differential between the two nations, something that may underpin EUR/CAD direction in Q4. Not only that, but due to a recent uptick in headline inflation in Canada, markets have priced in a near 50/50 chance that the Bank of Canada will hike rates again in October.</p>
<p><span>Implied Interest Rate Odds</span></p>
<p><img decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" src="https://a.c-dn.net/b/2N6uAY/image1.png" alt="image1.png" data-image-original-width="1129" data-image-original-height="260" width="1129" height="260" class="dfx-lazyload" style="padding-bottom: calc(260 / 1129 * 100%);" /></p>
<p><span>Source: Refinitiv, Prepared by Richard Snow</span></p>
<p>In August, Canadian headline inflation not only rose but it surpassed already elevated forecasts of 3.8% to print at an even 4%. July inflation was 3.3% which was already up from June’s 2.8%, establishing a worrying trend of rising data points. The threat of higher price pressures may not cause immediate panic but if it filters into the core measure, officials may have to raise interest rates to 5.25% before year end.</p>
<p><span>Canadian headline inflation (CPI)</span></p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://a.c-dn.net/b/00HJhz/image2.png" alt="image2.png" data-image-original-width="1577" data-image-original-height="429" width="1577" height="429" class="dfx-lazyload" style="padding-bottom: calc(429 / 1577 * 100%);" /></p>
<p><span>Source: Refinitiv, Prepared by Richard Snow</span></p>
<p>The technical picture presents what looks like the formation of a head and shoulders pattern, a well-known long-term reversal formation. At the time of writing, prices are yet to breach and close below the neckline on the weekly chart which is the first step in how these patterns tend to play out. Thereafter a pullback towards the neckline (as resistance) can be observed before the bearish momentum has the opportunity to kick in.</p>
<p>Therefore, in the event prices head lower in Q4, a pullback towards 1.4280 opens the door to a move down to the psychological level of 1.4100. There are no clear and obvious targets thereafter apart from 1.3700 which is a fair distance away. The trade can be considered invalidated in the event price action closes below 1.4280 and reverses higher to break 1.4430 to the upside.</p>
<p><span>EUR/CAD Weekly Chart</span></p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://a.c-dn.net/b/1xuDYz/image3.png" alt="image3.png" data-image-original-width="1432" data-image-original-height="762" width="1432" height="762" class="dfx-lazyload" style="padding-bottom: calc(762 / 1432 * 100%);" /></p>
<p><span>Source: Tradingview, Prepared by Richard Snow</span></p>
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fulfilled=value=>{try{step(generator.next(value))}catch(e){reject(e)}},rejected=value=>{try{step(generator.throw(value))}catch(e){reject(e)}},step=x=>x.done?resolve(x.value):Promise.resolve(x.value).then(fulfilled,rejected);step((generator=generator.apply(__this,__arguments)).next())});if(void 0!==window.Reflect&&void 0!==window.customElements&&!window.customElements.polyfillWrapFlushCallback){const BuiltInHTMLElement=HTMLElement,wrapperForTheName_HTMLElement=function HTMLElement2(){return Reflect.construct(BuiltInHTMLElement,[],this.constructor)};window.HTMLElement=wrapperForTheName_HTMLElement,HTMLElement.prototype=BuiltInHTMLElement.prototype,HTMLElement.prototype.constructor=HTMLElement,Object.setPrototypeOf(HTMLElement,BuiltInHTMLElement)}function raise(errorConstructor,message,name){throw new errorConstructor("Failed to execute 'requestSubmit' on 'HTMLFormElement': "+message+".",name)}"function"!=typeof(prototype=HTMLFormElement.prototype).requestSubmit&&(prototype.requestSubmit=function(submitter){submitter?(function validateSubmitter(submitter,form){submitter instanceof HTMLElement||raise(TypeError,"parameter 1 is not of type 'HTMLElement'"),"submit"!=submitter.type&&raise(TypeError,"The specified element is not a submit button"),submitter.form!=form&&raise(DOMException,"The specified element is not owned by this form element","NotFoundError")}(submitter,this),submitter.click()):((submitter=document.createElement("input")).type="submit",submitter.hidden=!0,this.appendChild(submitter),submitter.click(),this.removeChild(submitter))});const submittersByForm=new WeakMap;function clickCaptured(event){event=function findSubmitterFromClickTarget(target){return"submit"==(null==(target=(target=target instanceof Element?target:target instanceof Node?target.parentElement:null)?target.closest("input, button"):null)?void 0:target.type)?target:null}(event.target);event&&event.form&&submittersByForm.set(event.form,event)}!function(){if(!("submitter"in Event.prototype)){let prototype=window.Event.prototype;if("SubmitEvent"in window&&/Apple Computer/.test(navigator.vendor))prototype=window.SubmitEvent.prototype;else if("SubmitEvent"in window)return;addEventListener("click",clickCaptured,!0),Object.defineProperty(prototype,"submitter",{get(){if("submit"==this.type&&this.target instanceof HTMLFormElement)return submittersByForm.get(this.target)}})}}(),(prototype=FrameLoadingStyle=FrameLoadingStyle||{}).eager="eager",prototype.lazy="lazy";class FrameElement extends HTMLElement{static get observedAttributes(){return["disabled","complete","loading","src"]}constructor(){super(),this.loaded=Promise.resolve(),this.delegate=new FrameElement.delegateConstructor(this)}connectedCallback(){this.delegate.connect()}disconnectedCallback(){this.delegate.disconnect()}reload(){return this.delegate.sourceURLReloaded()}attributeChangedCallback(name){"loading"==name?this.delegate.loadingStyleChanged():"complete"==name?this.delegate.completeChanged():"src"==name?this.delegate.sourceURLChanged():this.delegate.disabledChanged()}get src(){return this.getAttribute("src")}set src(value){value?this.setAttribute("src",value):this.removeAttribute("src")}get loading(){return function frameLoadingStyleFromString(style){{if("lazy"!==style.toLowerCase())return FrameLoadingStyle.eager;return FrameLoadingStyle.lazy}}(this.getAttribute("loading")||"")}set loading(value){value?this.setAttribute("loading",value):this.removeAttribute("loading")}get disabled(){return this.hasAttribute("disabled")}set disabled(value){value?this.setAttribute("disabled",""):this.removeAttribute("disabled")}get autoscroll(){return this.hasAttribute("autoscroll")}set autoscroll(value){value?this.setAttribute("autoscroll",""):this.removeAttribute("autoscroll")}get complete(){return!this.delegate.isLoading}get isActive(){return this.ownerDocument===document&&!this.isPreview}get isPreview(){var _a;return null==(_a=null==(_a=this.ownerDocument)?void 0:_a.documentElement)?void 0:_a.hasAttribute("data-turbo-preview")}}function expandURL(locatable){return new URL(locatable.toString(),document.baseURI)}function getAnchor(url){return url.hash?url.hash.slice(1):(url=url.href.match(/#(.*)$/))?url[1]:void 0}function getAction(form,submitter){return expandURL((null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formaction"))||form.getAttribute("action")||form.action)}function getExtension(url){return(function getLastPathComponent(url){return function getPathComponents(url){return url.pathname.split("/").slice(1)}(url).slice(-1)[0]}(url).match(/.[^.]*$/)||[])[0]||""}function isPrefixedBy(baseURL,url){url=function getPrefix(url){return function addTrailingSlash(value){return value.endsWith("/")?value:value+"/"}(url.origin+url.pathname)}(url);return baseURL.href===expandURL(url).href||baseURL.href.startsWith(url)}function locationIsVisitable(location2,rootLocation){return isPrefixedBy(location2,rootLocation)&&function isHTML(url){return!!getExtension(url).match(/^(?:|.(?:htm|html|xhtml|php))$/)}(location2)}function getRequestURL(url){var anchor=getAnchor(url);return null!=anchor?url.href.slice(0,-(anchor.length+1)):url.href}function toCacheKey(url){return getRequestURL(url)}class FetchResponse{constructor(response){this.response=response}get succeeded(){return this.response.ok}get failed(){return!this.succeeded}get clientError(){return 400<=this.statusCode&&this.statusCode<=499}get serverError(){return 500<=this.statusCode&&this.statusCode<=599}get redirected(){return this.response.redirected}get location(){return expandURL(this.response.url)}get isHTML(){return this.contentType&&this.contentType.match(/^(?:text/([^s;,]+)?html|application/xhtml+xml)/)}get statusCode(){return this.response.status}get contentType(){return this.header("Content-Type")}get responseText(){return this.response.clone().text()}get responseHTML(){return this.isHTML?this.response.clone().text():Promise.resolve(void 0)}header(name){return this.response.headers.get(name)}}function activateScriptElement(element){var createdScriptElement,cspNonce;return"false"==element.getAttribute("data-turbo-eval")?element:(createdScriptElement=document.createElement("script"),(cspNonce=getMetaContent("csp-nonce"))&&(createdScriptElement.nonce=cspNonce),createdScriptElement.textContent=element.textContent,createdScriptElement.async=!1,function copyElementAttributes(destinationElement,sourceElement){for(var{name,value}of sourceElement.attributes)destinationElement.setAttribute(name,value)}(createdScriptElement,element),createdScriptElement)}function dispatch(eventName,{target,cancelable,detail}={}){eventName=new CustomEvent(eventName,{cancelable:cancelable,bubbles:!0,composed:!0,detail:detail});return(target&&target.isConnected?target:document.documentElement).dispatchEvent(eventName),eventName}function nextAnimationFrame(){return new Promise(resolve=>requestAnimationFrame(()=>resolve()))}function parseHTMLDocument(html=""){return(new DOMParser).parseFromString(html,"text/html")}function unindent(strings,…values){strings=function interpolate(strings,values){return strings.reduce((result,string,i)=>{return result+string+(null==values[i]?"":values[i])},"")}(strings,values).replace(/^
/,"").split("
"),values=strings[0].match(/^s+/);const indent=values?values[0].length:0;return strings.map(line=>line.slice(indent)).join("
")}function uuid(){return Array.from({length:36}).map((_,i)=>8==i||13==i||18==i||23==i?"-":14==i?"4":(19==i?Math.floor(4*Math.random())+8:Math.floor(15*Math.random())).toString(16)).join("")}function getAttribute(attributeName,…elements){for(const value of elements.map(element=>null==element?void 0:element.getAttribute(attributeName)))if("string"==typeof value)return value;return null}function markAsBusy(…elements){for(const element of elements)"turbo-frame"==element.localName&&element.setAttribute("busy",""),element.setAttribute("aria-busy","true")}function clearBusyState(…elements){for(const element of elements)"turbo-frame"==element.localName&&element.removeAttribute("busy"),element.removeAttribute("aria-busy")}function getHistoryMethodForAction(action){switch(action){case"replace":return history.replaceState;case"advance":case"restore":return history.pushState}}function getVisitAction(…elements){elements=getAttribute("data-turbo-action",…elements);return function isAction(action){return"advance"==action||"replace"==action||"restore"==action}(elements)?elements:null}function getMetaElement(name){return document.querySelector(`meta[name="${name}"]`)}function getMetaContent(name){name=getMetaElement(name);return name&&name.content}function findClosestRecursively(element,selector){if(element instanceof Element)return element.closest(selector)||findClosestRecursively(element.assignedSlot||(null==(element=element.getRootNode())?void 0:element.host),selector)}(prototype=FetchMethod=FetchMethod||{})[prototype.get=0]="get",prototype[prototype.post=1]="post",prototype[prototype.put=2]="put",prototype[prototype.patch=3]="patch",prototype[prototype.delete=4]="delete";class FetchRequest{constructor(delegate,method,location2,body=new URLSearchParams,target=null){this.abortController=new AbortController,this.resolveRequestPromise=_value=>{},this.delegate=delegate,this.method=method,this.headers=this.defaultHeaders,this.body=body,this.url=location2,this.target=target}get location(){return this.url}get params(){return this.url.searchParams}get entries(){return this.body?Array.from(this.body.entries()):[]}cancel(){this.abortController.abort()}perform(){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var fetchOptions=this["fetchOptions"];this.delegate.prepareRequest(this),yield this.allowRequestToBeIntercepted(fetchOptions);try{this.delegate.requestStarted(this);var response=yield fetch(this.url.href,fetchOptions);return yield this.receive(response)}catch(error){if("AbortError"!==error.name)throw this.willDelegateErrorHandling(error)&&this.delegate.requestErrored(this,error),error}finally{this.delegate.requestFinished(this)}})}receive(response){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var fetchResponse=new FetchResponse(response);return dispatch("turbo:before-fetch-response",{cancelable:!0,detail:{fetchResponse:fetchResponse},target:this.target}).defaultPrevented?this.delegate.requestPreventedHandlingResponse(this,fetchResponse):fetchResponse.succeeded?this.delegate.requestSucceededWithResponse(this,fetchResponse):this.delegate.requestFailedWithResponse(this,fetchResponse),fetchResponse})}get fetchOptions(){var _a;return{method:FetchMethod[this.method].toUpperCase(),credentials:"same-origin",headers:this.headers,redirect:"follow",body:this.isSafe?null:this.body,signal:this.abortSignal,referrer:null==(_a=this.delegate.referrer)?void 0:_a.href}}get defaultHeaders(){return{Accept:"text/html, application/xhtml+xml"}}get isSafe(){return this.method===FetchMethod.get}get abortSignal(){return this.abortController.signal}acceptResponseType(mimeType){this.headers.Accept=[mimeType,this.headers.Accept].join(", ")}allowRequestToBeIntercepted(fetchOptions){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var requestInterception=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveRequestPromise=resolve);dispatch("turbo:before-fetch-request",{cancelable:!0,detail:{fetchOptions:fetchOptions,url:this.url,resume:this.resolveRequestPromise},target:this.target}).defaultPrevented&&(yield requestInterception)})}willDelegateErrorHandling(error){return!dispatch("turbo:fetch-request-error",{target:this.target,cancelable:!0,detail:{request:this,error:error}}).defaultPrevented}}class AppearanceObserver{constructor(delegate,element){this.started=!1,this.intersect=entries=>{entries=entries.slice(-1)[0];null!=entries&&entries.isIntersecting&&this.delegate.elementAppearedInViewport(this.element)},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element,this.intersectionObserver=new IntersectionObserver(this.intersect)}start(){this.started||(this.started=!0,this.intersectionObserver.observe(this.element))}stop(){this.started&&(this.started=!1,this.intersectionObserver.unobserve(this.element))}}class StreamMessage{static wrap(message){return"string"==typeof message?new this(function createDocumentFragment(html){var template=document.createElement("template");return template.innerHTML=html,template.content}(message)):message}constructor(fragment){this.fragment=function importStreamElements(fragment){for(const element of fragment.querySelectorAll("turbo-stream")){var streamElement=document.importNode(element,!0);for(const inertScriptElement of streamElement.templateElement.content.querySelectorAll("script"))inertScriptElement.replaceWith(activateScriptElement(inertScriptElement));element.replaceWith(streamElement)}return fragment}(fragment)}}StreamMessage.contentType="text/vnd.turbo-stream.html",(prototype=FormSubmissionState=FormSubmissionState||{})[prototype.initialized=0]="initialized",prototype[prototype.requesting=1]="requesting",prototype[prototype.waiting=2]="waiting",prototype[prototype.receiving=3]="receiving",prototype[prototype.stopping=4]="stopping",prototype[prototype.stopped=5]="stopped",(prototype=FormEnctype=FormEnctype||{}).urlEncoded="application/x-www-form-urlencoded",prototype.multipart="multipart/form-data",prototype.plain="text/plain";class FormSubmission{static confirmMethod(message,_element,_submitter){return Promise.resolve(confirm(message))}constructor(delegate,formElement,submitter,mustRedirect=!1){this.state=FormSubmissionState.initialized,this.delegate=delegate,this.formElement=formElement,this.submitter=submitter,this.formData=function buildFormData(formElement,submitter){var formElement=new FormData(formElement),name=null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("name"),submitter=null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("value");name&&formElement.append(name,submitter||"");return formElement}(formElement,submitter),this.location=expandURL(this.action),this.method==FetchMethod.get&&function mergeFormDataEntries(url,entries){var searchParams=new URLSearchParams;for(var[name,value]of entries)value instanceof File||searchParams.append(name,value);url.search=searchParams.toString()}(this.location,[…this.body.entries()]),this.fetchRequest=new FetchRequest(this,this.method,this.location,this.body,this.formElement),this.mustRedirect=mustRedirect}get method(){var _a;return function fetchMethodFromString(method){switch(method.toLowerCase()){case"get":return FetchMethod.get;case"post":return FetchMethod.post;case"put":return FetchMethod.put;case"patch":return FetchMethod.patch;case"delete":return FetchMethod.delete}}(((null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("formmethod"))||this.formElement.getAttribute("method")||"").toLowerCase())||FetchMethod.get}get action(){var _a,formElementAction="string"==typeof this.formElement.action?this.formElement.action:null;return null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.hasAttribute("formaction")?this.submitter.getAttribute("formaction")||"":this.formElement.getAttribute("action")||formElementAction||""}get body(){return this.enctype==FormEnctype.urlEncoded||this.method==FetchMethod.get?new URLSearchParams(this.stringFormData):this.formData}get enctype(){var _a;return function formEnctypeFromString(encoding){switch(encoding.toLowerCase()){case FormEnctype.multipart:return FormEnctype.multipart;case FormEnctype.plain:return FormEnctype.plain;default:return FormEnctype.urlEncoded}}((null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("formenctype"))||this.formElement.enctype)}get isSafe(){return this.fetchRequest.isSafe}get stringFormData(){return[…this.formData].reduce((entries,[name,value])=>entries.concat("string"==typeof value?[[name,value]]:[]),[])}start(){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var{initialized,requesting}=FormSubmissionState,confirmationMessage=getAttribute("data-turbo-confirm",this.submitter,this.formElement);if("string"==typeof confirmationMessage&&!(yield FormSubmission.confirmMethod(confirmationMessage,this.formElement,this.submitter)))return;if(this.state==initialized)return this.state=requesting,this.fetchRequest.perform()})}stop(){var{stopping,stopped}=FormSubmissionState;if(this.state!=stopping&&this.state!=stopped)return this.state=stopping,this.fetchRequest.cancel(),!0}prepareRequest(request){var token;request.isSafe||(token=function getCookieValue(cookieName){{var cookie;return null!=cookieName&&(cookie=(document.cookie?document.cookie.split("; "):[]).find(cookie2=>cookie2.startsWith(cookieName)))&&(cookie=cookie.split("=").slice(1).join("="))?decodeURIComponent(cookie):void 0}}(getMetaContent("csrf-param"))||getMetaContent("csrf-token"))&&(request.headers["X-CSRF-Token"]=token),this.requestAcceptsTurboStreamResponse(request)&&request.acceptResponseType(StreamMessage.contentType)}requestStarted(_request){var _a;this.state=FormSubmissionState.waiting,null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.setAttribute("disabled",""),this.setSubmitsWith(),dispatch("turbo:submit-start",{target:this.formElement,detail:{formSubmission:this}}),this.delegate.formSubmissionStarted(this)}requestPreventedHandlingResponse(request,response){this.result={success:response.succeeded,fetchResponse:response}}requestSucceededWithResponse(request,response){response.clientError||response.serverError?this.delegate.formSubmissionFailedWithResponse(this,response):this.requestMustRedirect(request)&&function responseSucceededWithoutRedirect(response){return 200==response.statusCode&&!response.redirected}(response)?(request=new Error("Form responses must redirect to another location"),this.delegate.formSubmissionErrored(this,request)):(this.state=FormSubmissionState.receiving,this.result={success:!0,fetchResponse:response},this.delegate.formSubmissionSucceededWithResponse(this,response))}requestFailedWithResponse(request,response){this.result={success:!1,fetchResponse:response},this.delegate.formSubmissionFailedWithResponse(this,response)}requestErrored(request,error){this.result={success:!1,error:error},this.delegate.formSubmissionErrored(this,error)}requestFinished(_request){var _a;this.state=FormSubmissionState.stopped,null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.removeAttribute("disabled"),this.resetSubmitterText(),dispatch("turbo:submit-end",{target:this.formElement,detail:Object.assign({formSubmission:this},this.result)}),this.delegate.formSubmissionFinished(this)}setSubmitsWith(){var input;this.submitter&&this.submitsWith&&(this.submitter.matches("button")?(this.originalSubmitText=this.submitter.innerHTML,this.submitter.innerHTML=this.submitsWith):this.submitter.matches("input")&&(input=this.submitter,this.originalSubmitText=input.value,input.value=this.submitsWith))}resetSubmitterText(){this.submitter&&this.originalSubmitText&&(this.submitter.matches("button")?this.submitter.innerHTML=this.originalSubmitText:this.submitter.matches("input")&&(this.submitter.value=this.originalSubmitText))}requestMustRedirect(request){return!request.isSafe&&this.mustRedirect}requestAcceptsTurboStreamResponse(request){return!request.isSafe||function hasAttribute(attributeName,…elements){return elements.some(element=>element&&element.hasAttribute(attributeName))}("data-turbo-stream",this.submitter,this.formElement)}get submitsWith(){var _a;return null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("data-turbo-submits-with")}}class Snapshot{constructor(element){this.element=element}get activeElement(){return this.element.ownerDocument.activeElement}get children(){return[…this.element.children]}hasAnchor(anchor){return null!=this.getElementForAnchor(anchor)}getElementForAnchor(anchor){return anchor?this.element.querySelector(`[id='${anchor}'], a[name="${anchor}"]`):null}get isConnected(){return this.element.isConnected}get firstAutofocusableElement(){for(const element of this.element.querySelectorAll("[autofocus]"))if(null==element.closest("[inert], :disabled, [hidden], details:not([open]), dialog:not([open])"))return element;return null}get permanentElements(){return queryPermanentElementsAll(this.element)}getPermanentElementById(id){return getPermanentElementById(this.element,id)}getPermanentElementMapForSnapshot(snapshot){var permanentElementMap={};for(const currentPermanentElement of this.permanentElements){var id=currentPermanentElement["id"],newPermanentElement=snapshot.getPermanentElementById(id);newPermanentElement&&(permanentElementMap[id]=[currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement])}return permanentElementMap}}function getPermanentElementById(node,id){return node.querySelector(`#${id}[data-turbo-permanent]`)}function queryPermanentElementsAll(node){return node.querySelectorAll("[id][data-turbo-permanent]")}class FormSubmitObserver{constructor(delegate,eventTarget){this.started=!1,this.submitCaptured=()=>{this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("submit",this.submitBubbled,!1),this.eventTarget.addEventListener("submit",this.submitBubbled,!1)},this.submitBubbled=event=>{var form,submitter;event.defaultPrevented||(form=event.target instanceof HTMLFormElement?event.target:void 0,submitter=event.submitter||void 0,form&&function submissionDoesNotDismissDialog(form,submitter){submitter=(null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formmethod"))||form.getAttribute("method");return"dialog"!=submitter}(form,submitter)&&function submissionDoesNotTargetIFrame(form,submitter){{if(null!=submitter&&submitter.hasAttribute("formtarget")||form.hasAttribute("target")){submitter=(null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formtarget"))||form.target;for(const element of document.getElementsByName(submitter))if(element instanceof HTMLIFrameElement)return}return 1}}(form,submitter)&&this.delegate.willSubmitForm(form,submitter)&&(event.preventDefault(),event.stopImmediatePropagation(),this.delegate.formSubmitted(form,submitter)))},this.delegate=delegate,this.eventTarget=eventTarget}start(){this.started||(this.eventTarget.addEventListener("submit",this.submitCaptured,!0),this.started=!0)}stop(){this.started&&(this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("submit",this.submitCaptured,!0),this.started=!1)}}class View{constructor(delegate,element){this.resolveRenderPromise=_value=>{},this.resolveInterceptionPromise=_value=>{},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element}scrollToAnchor(anchor){anchor=this.snapshot.getElementForAnchor(anchor);anchor?(this.scrollToElement(anchor),this.focusElement(anchor)):this.scrollToPosition({x:0,y:0})}scrollToAnchorFromLocation(location2){this.scrollToAnchor(getAnchor(location2))}scrollToElement(element){element.scrollIntoView()}focusElement(element){element instanceof HTMLElement&&(element.hasAttribute("tabindex")?element.focus():(element.setAttribute("tabindex","-1"),element.focus(),element.removeAttribute("tabindex")))}scrollToPosition({x,y}){this.scrollRoot.scrollTo(x,y)}scrollToTop(){this.scrollToPosition({x:0,y:0})}get scrollRoot(){return window}render(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var{isPreview,shouldRender,newSnapshot:snapshot}=renderer;if(shouldRender)try{this.renderPromise=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveRenderPromise=resolve),this.renderer=renderer,yield this.prepareToRenderSnapshot(renderer);var renderInterception=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveInterceptionPromise=resolve),options={resume:this.resolveInterceptionPromise,render:this.renderer.renderElement};this.delegate.allowsImmediateRender(snapshot,options)||(yield renderInterception),yield this.renderSnapshot(renderer),this.delegate.viewRenderedSnapshot(snapshot,isPreview),this.delegate.preloadOnLoadLinksForView(this.element),this.finishRenderingSnapshot(renderer)}finally{delete this.renderer,this.resolveRenderPromise(void 0),delete this.renderPromise}else this.invalidate(renderer.reloadReason)})}invalidate(reason){this.delegate.viewInvalidated(reason)}prepareToRenderSnapshot(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){this.markAsPreview(renderer.isPreview),yield renderer.prepareToRender()})}markAsPreview(isPreview){isPreview?this.element.setAttribute("data-turbo-preview",""):this.element.removeAttribute("data-turbo-preview")}renderSnapshot(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){yield renderer.render()})}finishRenderingSnapshot(renderer){renderer.finishRendering()}}class FrameView extends View{missing(){this.element.innerHTML='<strong>Content missing</strong>'}get snapshot(){return new Snapshot(this.element)}}class LinkInterceptor{constructor(delegate,element){this.clickBubbled=event=>{this.respondsToEventTarget(event.target)?this.clickEvent=event:delete this.clickEvent},this.linkClicked=event=>{this.clickEvent&&this.respondsToEventTarget(event.target)&&event.target instanceof Element&&this.delegate.shouldInterceptLinkClick(event.target,event.detail.url,event.detail.originalEvent)&&(this.clickEvent.preventDefault(),event.preventDefault(),this.delegate.linkClickIntercepted(event.target,event.detail.url,event.detail.originalEvent)),delete this.clickEvent},this.willVisit=_event=>{delete this.clickEvent},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element}start(){this.element.addEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled),document.addEventListener("turbo:click",this.linkClicked),document.addEventListener("turbo:before-visit",this.willVisit)}stop(){this.element.removeEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled),document.removeEventListener("turbo:click",this.linkClicked),document.removeEventListener("turbo:before-visit",this.willVisit)}respondsToEventTarget(target){target=target instanceof Element?target:target instanceof Node?target.parentElement:null;return target&&target.closest("turbo-frame, html")==this.element}}class LinkClickObserver{constructor(delegate,eventTarget){this.started=!1,this.clickCaptured=()=>{this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled,!1),this.eventTarget.addEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled,!1)},this.clickBubbled=event=>{var target,location2;event instanceof MouseEvent&&this.clickEventIsSignificant(event)&&(target=event.composedPath&&event.composedPath()[0]||event.target,(target=this.findLinkFromClickTarget(target))&&function doesNotTargetIFrame(anchor){{if(anchor.hasAttribute("target"))for(const element of document.getElementsByName(anchor.target))if(element instanceof HTMLIFrameElement)return;return 1}}(target)&&(location2=this.getLocationForLink(target),this.delegate.willFollowLinkToLocation(target,location2,event)&&(event.preventDefault(),this.delegate.followedLinkToLocation(target,location2))))},this.delegate=delegate,this.eventTarget=eventTarget}start(){this.started||(this.eventTarget.addEventListener("click",this.clickCaptured,!0),this.started=!0)}stop(){this.started&&(this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("click",this.clickCaptured,!0),this.started=!1)}clickEventIsSignificant(event){return!(event.target&&event.target.isContentEditable||event.defaultPrevented||1<event.which||event.altKey||event.ctrlKey||event.metaKey||event.shiftKey)}findLinkFromClickTarget(target){return findClosestRecursively(target,"a[href]:not([target^=_]):not([download])")}getLocationForLink(link){return expandURL(link.getAttribute("href")||"")}} FormLinkClickObserver{constructor(delegate,element){this.delegate=delegate,this.linkInterceptor=new LinkClickObserver(this,element)}start(){this.linkInterceptor.start()}stop(){this.linkInterceptor.stop()}willFollowLinkToLocation(link,location2,originalEvent){return this.delegate.willSubmitFormLinkToLocation(link,location2,originalEvent)&&link.hasAttribute("data-turbo-method")}followedLinkToLocation(link,location2){const form=document.createElement("form");var name,value;for([name,value]of location2.searchParams)form.append(Object.assign(document.createElement("input"),{type:"hidden",name:name,value:value}));var action=Object.assign(location2,{search:""}),action=(form.setAttribute("data-turbo","true"),form.setAttribute("action",action.href),form.setAttribute("hidden",""),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-method")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("method",action),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-frame")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-frame",action),getVisitAction(link)),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-action",action),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-confirm")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-confirm",action),link.hasAttribute("data-turbo-stream"));action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-stream",""),this.delegate.submittedFormLinkToLocation(link,location2,form),document.body.appendChild(form),form.addEventListener("turbo:submit-end",()=>form.remove(),{once:!0}),requestAnimationFrame(()=>form.requestSubmit())}}class Bardo{static preservingPermanentElements(delegate,permanentElementMap,callback){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var bardo=new this(delegate,permanentElementMap);bardo.enter(),yield callback(),bardo.leave()})}constructor(delegate,permanentElementMap){this.delegate=delegate,this.permanentElementMap=permanentElementMap}enter(){for(const id in this.permanentElementMap){var[currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement]=this.permanentElementMap[id];this.delegate.enteringBardo(currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement),this.replaceNewPermanentElementWithPlaceholder(newPermanentElement)}}leave(){for(const id in this.permanentElementMap){var[currentPermanentElement]=this.permanentElementMap[id];this.replaceCurrentPermanentElementWithClone(currentPermanentElement),this.replacePlaceholderWithPermanentElement(currentPermanentElement),this.delegate.leavingBardo(currentPermanentElement)}}replaceNewPermanentElementWithPlaceholder(permanentElement){var placeholder=function createPlaceholderForPermanentElement(permanentElement){var element=document.createElement("meta");return element.setAttribute("name","turbo-permanent-placeholder"),element.setAttribute("content",permanentElement.id),element}(permanentElement);permanentElement.replaceWith(placeholder)}replaceCurrentPermanentElementWithClone(permanentElement){var clone=permanentElement.cloneNode(!0);permanentElement.replaceWith(clone)}replacePlaceholderWithPermanentElement(permanentElement){var placeholder=this.getPlaceholderById(permanentElement.id);null!=placeholder&&placeholder.replaceWith(permanentElement)}getPlaceholderById(id){return this.placeholders.find(element=>element.content==id)}get placeholders(){return[…document.querySelectorAll("meta[name=turbo-permanent-placeholder][content]")]}}class Renderer{constructor(currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender=!0){this.activeElement=null,this.currentSnapshot=currentSnapshot,this.newSnapshot=newSnapshot,this.isPreview=isPreview,this.willRender=willRender,this.renderElement=renderElement,this.promise=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>this.resolvingFunctions={resolve:resolve,reject:reject})}get shouldRender(){return!0}get reloadReason(){}prepareToRender(){}finishRendering(){this.resolvingFunctions&&(this.resolvingFunctions.resolve(),delete this.resolvingFunctions)}preservingPermanentElements(callback){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){yield Bardo.preservingPermanentElements(this,this.permanentElementMap,callback)})}focusFirstAutofocusableElement(){var element=this.connectedSnapshot.firstAutofocusableElement;!function elementIsFocusable(element){return element&&"function"==typeof element.focus}(element)||element.focus()}enteringBardo(currentPermanentElement){this.activeElement||currentPermanentElement.contains(this.currentSnapshot.activeElement)&&(this.activeElement=this.currentSnapshot.activeElement)}leavingBardo(currentPermanentElement){currentPermanentElement.contains(this.activeElement)&&this.activeElement instanceof HTMLElement&&(this.activeElement.focus(),this.activeElement=null)}get connectedSnapshot(){return this.newSnapshot.isConnected?this.newSnapshot:this.currentSnapshot}get currentElement(){return this.currentSnapshot.element}get newElement(){return this.newSnapshot.element}get permanentElementMap(){return this.currentSnapshot.getPermanentElementMapForSnapshot(this.newSnapshot)}}class FrameRenderer extends Renderer{static renderElement(currentElement,newElement){var destinationRange=document.createRange(),destinationRange=(destinationRange.selectNodeContents(currentElement),destinationRange.deleteContents(),newElement),newElement=null==(newElement=destinationRange.ownerDocument)?void 0:newElement.createRange();newElement&&(newElement.selectNodeContents(destinationRange),currentElement.appendChild(newElement.extractContents()))}constructor(delegate,currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender=!0){super(currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender),this.delegate=delegate}get shouldRender(){return!0}render(){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){yield nextAnimationFrame(),this.preservingPermanentElements(()=>{this.loadFrameElement()}),this.scrollFrameIntoView(),yield nextAnimationFrame(),this.focusFirstAutofocusableElement(),yield nextAnimationFrame(),this.activateScriptElements()})}loadFrameElement(){this.delegate.willRenderFrame(this.currentElement,this.newElement),this.renderElement(this.currentElement,this.newElement)}scrollFrameIntoView(){if(this.currentElement.autoscroll||this.newElement.autoscroll){var element=this.currentElement.firstElementChild,block=function readScrollLogicalPosition(value,defaultValue){return"end"==value||"start"==value||"center"==value||"nearest"==value?value:defaultValue}(this