Crude Oil Rally in Focus as Retail Traders Turn Net-Short for First Time Since April

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<h2>Crude Oil, WTI, Retail Trader Positioning, Technical Analysis – IGCS Commodities Update</h2>
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<li><span>Crude oil prices</span><span> have rallied over 17 percent since bottoming</span></li>
<li><span>Retail traders now majority short for the first time since April</span></li>
<li><span>This hints at an increasingly bullish contrarian conviction</span></li>
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<p>
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<h3>Crude Oil Sentiment Outlook – Bullish</h3>
<p>Crude oil prices have rallied over 17 percent since bottoming in the middle of June. So far this month, WTI is up over 13%. If gains are sustained, this would mark the best 20-day period for oil since January 2022. In response, retail traders have continued to increase downside exposure. This can be seen by looking at IG Client Sentiment (IGCS), which tends to function as a contrarian indicator.</p>
<p>The IG Client Sentiment (IGCS) gauge shows that about 47% of retail traders are now net-long crude oil. This is the first time the majority has been biased to the downside since April. Due to this change in bias, the gauge hints that prices may continue rising.</p>
<p>This is as downside exposure has increased by 7.73% and 44.89% compared to yesterday and last week, respectively. With that in mind, the combination of overall positioning and recent changes produces a stronger bullish contrarian trading bias.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://a.c-dn.net/b/4hT3XI/image1.png" alt="Crude Oil Sentiment Outlook – Bullish" data-image-original-width="1800" data-image-original-height="1200" width="1800" height="1200" class="dfx-lazyload" style="padding-bottom: calc(1200 / 1800 * 100%);" /></p>
<p>WTI crude oil prices have confirmed a breakout above the 200-day Moving Average (MA). This is increasingly indicating that a longer-term shift in orientation might be taking shape. That said, there remains a notable obstacle ahead. That would be the 81.44 – 83.48 resistance zone. If this range holds and prices pivot lower, this would introduce a neutral technical bias.</p>
<p>In such an instance, a rectangular trading pattern could emerge as prices fall back to the 63.60 – 65.72 support zone. But, getting there would entail keeping a close eye on the near-term rising support line from late June – the red line on the daily chart below. Otherwise, continuing higher from here places the focus further beyond to the 92.43 – 93.72 resistance zone from November.</p>
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<h3>Crude Oil Daily Chart</h3>
<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://a.c-dn.net/b/3uEL4n/image2.png" alt="Crude Oil Daily Chart" data-image-original-width="1394" data-image-original-height="758" width="1394" height="758" class="dfx-lazyload" style="padding-bottom: calc(758 / 1394 * 100%);" /></p>
<p><span>Chart Created in Trading View</span></p>
<p><span>— Written by Daniel Dubrovsky, Senior Strategist for DailyFX.com</span></p>
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"+message+".",name)}"function"!=typeof(prototype=HTMLFormElement.prototype).requestSubmit&&(prototype.requestSubmit=function(submitter){submitter?(function validateSubmitter(submitter,form){submitter instanceof HTMLElement||raise(TypeError,"parameter 1 is not of type 'HTMLElement'"),"submit"!=submitter.type&&raise(TypeError,"The specified element is not a submit button"),submitter.form!=form&&raise(DOMException,"The specified element is not owned by this form element","NotFoundError")}(submitter,this),submitter.click()):((submitter=document.createElement("input")).type="submit",submitter.hidden=!0,this.appendChild(submitter),submitter.click(),this.removeChild(submitter))});const submittersByForm=new WeakMap;function clickCaptured(event){event=function findSubmitterFromClickTarget(target){return"submit"==(null==(target=(target=target instanceof Element?target:target instanceof Node?target.parentElement:null)?target.closest("input, button"):null)?void 0:target.type)?target:null}(event.target);event&&event.form&&submittersByForm.set(event.form,event)}!function(){if(!("submitter"in Event.prototype)){let prototype=window.Event.prototype;if("SubmitEvent"in window&&/Apple Computer/.test(navigator.vendor))prototype=window.SubmitEvent.prototype;else if("SubmitEvent"in window)return;addEventListener("click",clickCaptured,!0),Object.defineProperty(prototype,"submitter",{get(){if("submit"==this.type&&this.target instanceof HTMLFormElement)return submittersByForm.get(this.target)}})}}(),(prototype=FrameLoadingStyle=FrameLoadingStyle||{}).eager="eager",prototype.lazy="lazy";class FrameElement extends HTMLElement{static get observedAttributes(){return["disabled","complete","loading","src"]}constructor(){super(),this.loaded=Promise.resolve(),this.delegate=new FrameElement.delegateConstructor(this)}connectedCallback(){this.delegate.connect()}disconnectedCallback(){this.delegate.disconnect()}reload(){return this.delegate.sourceURLReloaded()}attributeChangedCallback(name){"loading"==name?this.delegate.loadingStyleChanged():"complete"==name?this.delegate.completeChanged():"src"==name?this.delegate.sourceURLChanged():this.delegate.disabledChanged()}get src(){return this.getAttribute("src")}set src(value){value?this.setAttribute("src",value):this.removeAttribute("src")}get loading(){return function frameLoadingStyleFromString(style){{if("lazy"!==style.toLowerCase())return FrameLoadingStyle.eager;return FrameLoadingStyle.lazy}}(this.getAttribute("loading")||"")}set loading(value){value?this.setAttribute("loading",value):this.removeAttribute("loading")}get disabled(){return this.hasAttribute("disabled")}set disabled(value){value?this.setAttribute("disabled",""):this.removeAttribute("disabled")}get autoscroll(){return this.hasAttribute("autoscroll")}set autoscroll(value){value?this.setAttribute("autoscroll",""):this.removeAttribute("autoscroll")}get complete(){return!this.delegate.isLoading}get isActive(){return this.ownerDocument===document&&!this.isPreview}get isPreview(){var _a;return null==(_a=null==(_a=this.ownerDocument)?void 0:_a.documentElement)?void 0:_a.hasAttribute("data-turbo-preview")}}function expandURL(locatable){return new URL(locatable.toString(),document.baseURI)}function getAnchor(url){return url.hash?url.hash.slice(1):(url=url.href.match(/#(.*)$/))?url[1]:void 0}function getAction(form,submitter){return expandURL((null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formaction"))||form.getAttribute("action")||form.action)}function getExtension(url){return(function getLastPathComponent(url){return function getPathComponents(url){return url.pathname.split("/").slice(1)}(url).slice(-1)[0]}(url).match(/.[^.]*$/)||[])[0]||""}function isPrefixedBy(baseURL,url){url=function getPrefix(url){return function addTrailingSlash(value){return value.endsWith("/")?value:value+"/"}(url.origin+url.pathname)}(url);return baseURL.href===expandURL(url).href||baseURL.href.startsWith(url)}function locationIsVisitable(location2,rootLocation){return isPrefixedBy(location2,rootLocation)&&function isHTML(url){return!!getExtension(url).match(/^(?:|.(?:htm|html|xhtml|php))$/)}(location2)}function getRequestURL(url){var anchor=getAnchor(url);return null!=anchor?url.href.slice(0,-(anchor.length+1)):url.href}function toCacheKey(url){return getRequestURL(url)}class FetchResponse{constructor(response){this.response=response}get succeeded(){return this.response.ok}get failed(){return!this.succeeded}get clientError(){return 400<=this.statusCode&&this.statusCode<=499}get serverError(){return 500<=this.statusCode&&this.statusCode<=599}get redirected(){return this.response.redirected}get location(){return expandURL(this.response.url)}get isHTML(){return this.contentType&&this.contentType.match(/^(?:text/([^s;,]+)?html|application/xhtml+xml)/)}get statusCode(){return this.response.status}get contentType(){return this.header("Content-Type")}get responseText(){return this.response.clone().text()}get responseHTML(){return this.isHTML?this.response.clone().text():Promise.resolve(void 0)}header(name){return this.response.headers.get(name)}}function activateScriptElement(element){var createdScriptElement,cspNonce;return"false"==element.getAttribute("data-turbo-eval")?element:(createdScriptElement=document.createElement("script"),(cspNonce=getMetaContent("csp-nonce"))&&(createdScriptElement.nonce=cspNonce),createdScriptElement.textContent=element.textContent,createdScriptElement.async=!1,function copyElementAttributes(destinationElement,sourceElement){for(var{name,value}of sourceElement.attributes)destinationElement.setAttribute(name,value)}(createdScriptElement,element),createdScriptElement)}function dispatch(eventName,{target,cancelable,detail}={}){eventName=new CustomEvent(eventName,{cancelable:cancelable,bubbles:!0,composed:!0,detail:detail});return(target&&target.isConnected?target:document.documentElement).dispatchEvent(eventName),eventName}function nextAnimationFrame(){return new Promise(resolve=>requestAnimationFrame(()=>resolve()))}function parseHTMLDocument(html=""){return(new DOMParser).parseFromString(html,"text/html")}function unindent(strings,…values){strings=function interpolate(strings,values){return strings.reduce((result,string,i)=>{return result+string+(null==values[i]?"":values[i])},"")}(strings,values).replace(/^
/,"").split("
"),values=strings[0].match(/^s+/);const indent=values?values[0].length:0;return strings.map(line=>line.slice(indent)).join("
")}function uuid(){return Array.from({length:36}).map((_,i)=>8==i||13==i||18==i||23==i?"-":14==i?"4":(19==i?Math.floor(4*Math.random())+8:Math.floor(15*Math.random())).toString(16)).join("")}function getAttribute(attributeName,…elements){for(const value of elements.map(element=>null==element?void 0:element.getAttribute(attributeName)))if("string"==typeof value)return value;return null}function markAsBusy(…elements){for(const element of elements)"turbo-frame"==element.localName&&element.setAttribute("busy",""),element.setAttribute("aria-busy","true")}function clearBusyState(…elements){for(const element of elements)"turbo-frame"==element.localName&&element.removeAttribute("busy"),element.removeAttribute("aria-busy")}function getHistoryMethodForAction(action){switch(action){case"replace":return history.replaceState;case"advance":case"restore":return history.pushState}}function getVisitAction(…elements){elements=getAttribute("data-turbo-action",…elements);return function isAction(action){return"advance"==action||"replace"==action||"restore"==action}(elements)?elements:null}function getMetaElement(name){return document.querySelector(`meta[name="${name}"]`)}function getMetaContent(name){name=getMetaElement(name);return name&&name.content}function findClosestRecursively(element,selector){if(element instanceof Element)return element.closest(selector)||findClosestRecursively(element.assignedSlot||(null==(element=element.getRootNode())?void 0:element.host),selector)}(prototype=FetchMethod=FetchMethod||{})[prototype.get=0]="get",prototype[prototype.post=1]="post",prototype[prototype.put=2]="put",prototype[prototype.patch=3]="patch",prototype[prototype.delete=4]="delete";class FetchRequest{constructor(delegate,method,location2,body=new URLSearchParams,target=null){this.abortController=new AbortController,this.resolveRequestPromise=_value=>{},this.delegate=delegate,this.method=method,this.headers=this.defaultHeaders,this.body=body,this.url=location2,this.target=target}get location(){return this.url}get params(){return this.url.searchParams}get entries(){return this.body?Array.from(this.body.entries()):[]}cancel(){this.abortController.abort()}perform(){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var fetchOptions=this["fetchOptions"];this.delegate.prepareRequest(this),yield this.allowRequestToBeIntercepted(fetchOptions);try{this.delegate.requestStarted(this);var response=yield fetch(this.url.href,fetchOptions);return yield this.receive(response)}catch(error){if("AbortError"!==error.name)throw this.willDelegateErrorHandling(error)&&this.delegate.requestErrored(this,error),error}finally{this.delegate.requestFinished(this)}})}receive(response){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var fetchResponse=new FetchResponse(response);return dispatch("turbo:before-fetch-response",{cancelable:!0,detail:{fetchResponse:fetchResponse},target:this.target}).defaultPrevented?this.delegate.requestPreventedHandlingResponse(this,fetchResponse):fetchResponse.succeeded?this.delegate.requestSucceededWithResponse(this,fetchResponse):this.delegate.requestFailedWithResponse(this,fetchResponse),fetchResponse})}get fetchOptions(){var _a;return{method:FetchMethod[this.method].toUpperCase(),credentials:"same-origin",headers:this.headers,redirect:"follow",body:this.isSafe?null:this.body,signal:this.abortSignal,referrer:null==(_a=this.delegate.referrer)?void 0:_a.href}}get defaultHeaders(){return{Accept:"text/html, application/xhtml+xml"}}get isSafe(){return this.method===FetchMethod.get}get abortSignal(){return this.abortController.signal}acceptResponseType(mimeType){this.headers.Accept=[mimeType,this.headers.Accept].join(", ")}allowRequestToBeIntercepted(fetchOptions){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var requestInterception=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveRequestPromise=resolve);dispatch("turbo:before-fetch-request",{cancelable:!0,detail:{fetchOptions:fetchOptions,url:this.url,resume:this.resolveRequestPromise},target:this.target}).defaultPrevented&&(yield requestInterception)})}willDelegateErrorHandling(error){return!dispatch("turbo:fetch-request-error",{target:this.target,cancelable:!0,detail:{request:this,error:error}}).defaultPrevented}}class AppearanceObserver{constructor(delegate,element){this.started=!1,this.intersect=entries=>{entries=entries.slice(-1)[0];null!=entries&&entries.isIntersecting&&this.delegate.elementAppearedInViewport(this.element)},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element,this.intersectionObserver=new IntersectionObserver(this.intersect)}start(){this.started||(this.started=!0,this.intersectionObserver.observe(this.element))}stop(){this.started&&(this.started=!1,this.intersectionObserver.unobserve(this.element))}}class StreamMessage{static wrap(message){return"string"==typeof message?new this(function createDocumentFragment(html){var template=document.createElement("template");return template.innerHTML=html,template.content}(message)):message}constructor(fragment){this.fragment=function importStreamElements(fragment){for(const element of fragment.querySelectorAll("turbo-stream")){var streamElement=document.importNode(element,!0);for(const inertScriptElement of streamElement.templateElement.content.querySelectorAll("script"))inertScriptElement.replaceWith(activateScriptElement(inertScriptElement));element.replaceWith(streamElement)}return fragment}(fragment)}}StreamMessage.contentType="text/vnd.turbo-stream.html",(prototype=FormSubmissionState=FormSubmissionState||{})[prototype.initialized=0]="initialized",prototype[prototype.requesting=1]="requesting",prototype[prototype.waiting=2]="waiting",prototype[prototype.receiving=3]="receiving",prototype[prototype.stopping=4]="stopping",prototype[prototype.stopped=5]="stopped",(prototype=FormEnctype=FormEnctype||{}).urlEncoded="application/x-www-form-urlencoded",prototype.multipart="multipart/form-data",prototype.plain="text/plain";class FormSubmission{static confirmMethod(message,_element,_submitter){return Promise.resolve(confirm(message))}constructor(delegate,formElement,submitter,mustRedirect=!1){this.state=FormSubmissionState.initialized,this.delegate=delegate,this.formElement=formElement,this.submitter=submitter,this.formData=function buildFormData(formElement,submitter){var formElement=new FormData(formElement),name=null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("name"),submitter=null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("value");name&&formElement.append(name,submitter||"");return formElement}(formElement,submitter),this.location=expandURL(this.action),this.method==FetchMethod.get&&function mergeFormDataEntries(url,entries){var searchParams=new URLSearchParams;for(var[name,value]of entries)value instanceof File||searchParams.append(name,value);url.search=searchParams.toString()}(this.location,[…this.body.entries()]),this.fetchRequest=new FetchRequest(this,this.method,this.location,this.body,this.formElement),this.mustRedirect=mustRedirect}get method(){var _a;return function fetchMethodFromString(method){switch(method.toLowerCase()){case"get":return FetchMethod.get;case"post":return FetchMethod.post;case"put":return FetchMethod.put;case"patch":return FetchMethod.patch;case"delete":return FetchMethod.delete}}(((null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("formmethod"))||this.formElement.getAttribute("method")||"").toLowerCase())||FetchMethod.get}get action(){var _a,formElementAction="string"==typeof this.formElement.action?this.formElement.action:null;return null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.hasAttribute("formaction")?this.submitter.getAttribute("formaction")||"":this.formElement.getAttribute("action")||formElementAction||""}get body(){return this.enctype==FormEnctype.urlEncoded||this.method==FetchMethod.get?new URLSearchParams(this.stringFormData):this.formData}get enctype(){var _a;return function formEnctypeFromString(encoding){switch(encoding.toLowerCase()){case FormEnctype.multipart:return FormEnctype.multipart;case FormEnctype.plain:return FormEnctype.plain;default:return FormEnctype.urlEncoded}}((null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("formenctype"))||this.formElement.enctype)}get isSafe(){return this.fetchRequest.isSafe}get stringFormData(){return[…this.formData].reduce((entries,[name,value])=>entries.concat("string"==typeof value?[[name,value]]:[]),[])}start(){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var{initialized,requesting}=FormSubmissionState,confirmationMessage=getAttribute("data-turbo-confirm",this.submitter,this.formElement);if("string"==typeof confirmationMessage&&!(yield FormSubmission.confirmMethod(confirmationMessage,this.formElement,this.submitter)))return;if(this.state==initialized)return this.state=requesting,this.fetchRequest.perform()})}stop(){var{stopping,stopped}=FormSubmissionState;if(this.state!=stopping&&this.state!=stopped)return this.state=stopping,this.fetchRequest.cancel(),!0}prepareRequest(request){var token;request.isSafe||(token=function getCookieValue(cookieName){{var cookie;return null!=cookieName&&(cookie=(document.cookie?document.cookie.split("; "):[]).find(cookie2=>cookie2.startsWith(cookieName)))&&(cookie=cookie.split("=").slice(1).join("="))?decodeURIComponent(cookie):void 0}}(getMetaContent("csrf-param"))||getMetaContent("csrf-token"))&&(request.headers["X-CSRF-Token"]=token),this.requestAcceptsTurboStreamResponse(request)&&request.acceptResponseType(StreamMessage.contentType)}requestStarted(_request){var _a;this.state=FormSubmissionState.waiting,null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.setAttribute("disabled",""),this.setSubmitsWith(),dispatch("turbo:submit-start",{target:this.formElement,detail:{formSubmission:this}}),this.delegate.formSubmissionStarted(this)}requestPreventedHandlingResponse(request,response){this.result={success:response.succeeded,fetchResponse:response}}requestSucceededWithResponse(request,response){response.clientError||response.serverError?this.delegate.formSubmissionFailedWithResponse(this,response):this.requestMustRedirect(request)&&function responseSucceededWithoutRedirect(response){return 200==response.statusCode&&!response.redirected}(response)?(request=new Error("Form responses must redirect to another location"),this.delegate.formSubmissionErrored(this,request)):(this.state=FormSubmissionState.receiving,this.result={success:!0,fetchResponse:response},this.delegate.formSubmissionSucceededWithResponse(this,response))}requestFailedWithResponse(request,response){this.result={success:!1,fetchResponse:response},this.delegate.formSubmissionFailedWithResponse(this,response)}requestErrored(request,error){this.result={success:!1,error:error},this.delegate.formSubmissionErrored(this,error)}requestFinished(_request){var _a;this.state=FormSubmissionState.stopped,null!=(_a=this.submitter)&&_a.removeAttribute("disabled"),this.resetSubmitterText(),dispatch("turbo:submit-end",{target:this.formElement,detail:Object.assign({formSubmission:this},this.result)}),this.delegate.formSubmissionFinished(this)}setSubmitsWith(){var input;this.submitter&&this.submitsWith&&(this.submitter.matches("button")?(this.originalSubmitText=this.submitter.innerHTML,this.submitter.innerHTML=this.submitsWith):this.submitter.matches("input")&&(input=this.submitter,this.originalSubmitText=input.value,input.value=this.submitsWith))}resetSubmitterText(){this.submitter&&this.originalSubmitText&&(this.submitter.matches("button")?this.submitter.innerHTML=this.originalSubmitText:this.submitter.matches("input")&&(this.submitter.value=this.originalSubmitText))}requestMustRedirect(request){return!request.isSafe&&this.mustRedirect}requestAcceptsTurboStreamResponse(request){return!request.isSafe||function hasAttribute(attributeName,…elements){return elements.some(element=>element&&element.hasAttribute(attributeName))}("data-turbo-stream",this.submitter,this.formElement)}get submitsWith(){var _a;return null==(_a=this.submitter)?void 0:_a.getAttribute("data-turbo-submits-with")}}class Snapshot{constructor(element){this.element=element}get activeElement(){return this.element.ownerDocument.activeElement}get children(){return[…this.element.children]}hasAnchor(anchor){return null!=this.getElementForAnchor(anchor)}getElementForAnchor(anchor){return anchor?this.element.querySelector(`[id='${anchor}'], a[name="${anchor}"]`):null}get isConnected(){return this.element.isConnected}get firstAutofocusableElement(){for(const element of this.element.querySelectorAll("[autofocus]"))if(null==element.closest("[inert], :disabled, [hidden], details:not([open]), dialog:not([open])"))return element;return null}get permanentElements(){return queryPermanentElementsAll(this.element)}getPermanentElementById(id){return getPermanentElementById(this.element,id)}getPermanentElementMapForSnapshot(snapshot){var permanentElementMap={};for(const currentPermanentElement of this.permanentElements){var id=currentPermanentElement["id"],newPermanentElement=snapshot.getPermanentElementById(id);newPermanentElement&&(permanentElementMap[id]=[currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement])}return permanentElementMap}}function getPermanentElementById(node,id){return node.querySelector(`#${id}[data-turbo-permanent]`)}function queryPermanentElementsAll(node){return node.querySelectorAll("[id][data-turbo-permanent]")}class FormSubmitObserver{constructor(delegate,eventTarget){this.started=!1,this.submitCaptured=()=>{this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("submit",this.submitBubbled,!1),this.eventTarget.addEventListener("submit",this.submitBubbled,!1)},this.submitBubbled=event=>{var form,submitter;event.defaultPrevented||(form=event.target instanceof HTMLFormElement?event.target:void 0,submitter=event.submitter||void 0,form&&function submissionDoesNotDismissDialog(form,submitter){submitter=(null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formmethod"))||form.getAttribute("method");return"dialog"!=submitter}(form,submitter)&&function submissionDoesNotTargetIFrame(form,submitter){{if(null!=submitter&&submitter.hasAttribute("formtarget")||form.hasAttribute("target")){submitter=(null==submitter?void 0:submitter.getAttribute("formtarget"))||form.target;for(const element of document.getElementsByName(submitter))if(element instanceof HTMLIFrameElement)return}return 1}}(form,submitter)&&this.delegate.willSubmitForm(form,submitter)&&(event.preventDefault(),event.stopImmediatePropagation(),this.delegate.formSubmitted(form,submitter)))},this.delegate=delegate,this.eventTarget=eventTarget}start(){this.started||(this.eventTarget.addEventListener("submit",this.submitCaptured,!0),this.started=!0)}stop(){this.started&&(this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("submit",this.submitCaptured,!0),this.started=!1)}}class View{constructor(delegate,element){this.resolveRenderPromise=_value=>{},this.resolveInterceptionPromise=_value=>{},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element}scrollToAnchor(anchor){anchor=this.snapshot.getElementForAnchor(anchor);anchor?(this.scrollToElement(anchor),this.focusElement(anchor)):this.scrollToPosition({x:0,y:0})}scrollToAnchorFromLocation(location2){this.scrollToAnchor(getAnchor(location2))}scrollToElement(element){element.scrollIntoView()}focusElement(element){element instanceof HTMLElement&&(element.hasAttribute("tabindex")?element.focus():(element.setAttribute("tabindex","-1"),element.focus(),element.removeAttribute("tabindex")))}scrollToPosition({x,y}){this.scrollRoot.scrollTo(x,y)}scrollToTop(){this.scrollToPosition({x:0,y:0})}get scrollRoot(){return window}render(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var{isPreview,shouldRender,newSnapshot:snapshot}=renderer;if(shouldRender)try{this.renderPromise=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveRenderPromise=resolve),this.renderer=renderer,yield this.prepareToRenderSnapshot(renderer);var renderInterception=new Promise(resolve=>this.resolveInterceptionPromise=resolve),options={resume:this.resolveInterceptionPromise,render:this.renderer.renderElement};this.delegate.allowsImmediateRender(snapshot,options)||(yield renderInterception),yield this.renderSnapshot(renderer),this.delegate.viewRenderedSnapshot(snapshot,isPreview),this.delegate.preloadOnLoadLinksForView(this.element),this.finishRenderingSnapshot(renderer)}finally{delete this.renderer,this.resolveRenderPromise(void 0),delete this.renderPromise}else this.invalidate(renderer.reloadReason)})}invalidate(reason){this.delegate.viewInvalidated(reason)}prepareToRenderSnapshot(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){this.markAsPreview(renderer.isPreview),yield renderer.prepareToRender()})}markAsPreview(isPreview){isPreview?this.element.setAttribute("data-turbo-preview",""):this.element.removeAttribute("data-turbo-preview")}renderSnapshot(renderer){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){yield renderer.render()})}finishRenderingSnapshot(renderer){renderer.finishRendering()}}class FrameView extends View{missing(){this.element.innerHTML='<strong>Content missing</strong>'}get snapshot(){return new Snapshot(this.element)}}class LinkInterceptor{constructor(delegate,element){this.clickBubbled=event=>{this.respondsToEventTarget(event.target)?this.clickEvent=event:delete this.clickEvent},this.linkClicked=event=>{this.clickEvent&&this.respondsToEventTarget(event.target)&&event.target instanceof Element&&this.delegate.shouldInterceptLinkClick(event.target,event.detail.url,event.detail.originalEvent)&&(this.clickEvent.preventDefault(),event.preventDefault(),this.delegate.linkClickIntercepted(event.target,event.detail.url,event.detail.originalEvent)),delete this.clickEvent},this.willVisit=_event=>{delete this.clickEvent},this.delegate=delegate,this.element=element}start(){this.element.addEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled),document.addEventListener("turbo:click",this.linkClicked),document.addEventListener("turbo:before-visit",this.willVisit)}stop(){this.element.removeEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled),document.removeEventListener("turbo:click",this.linkClicked),document.removeEventListener("turbo:before-visit",this.willVisit)}respondsToEventTarget(target){target=target instanceof Element?target:target instanceof Node?target.parentElement:null;return target&&target.closest("turbo-frame, html")==this.element}}class LinkClickObserver{constructor(delegate,eventTarget){this.started=!1,this.clickCaptured=()=>{this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled,!1),this.eventTarget.addEventListener("click",this.clickBubbled,!1)},this.clickBubbled=event=>{var target,location2;event instanceof MouseEvent&&this.clickEventIsSignificant(event)&&(target=event.composedPath&&event.composedPath()[0]||event.target,(target=this.findLinkFromClickTarget(target))&&function doesNotTargetIFrame(anchor){{if(anchor.hasAttribute("target"))for(const element of document.getElementsByName(anchor.target))if(element instanceof HTMLIFrameElement)return;return 1}}(target)&&(location2=this.getLocationForLink(target),this.delegate.willFollowLinkToLocation(target,location2,event)&&(event.preventDefault(),this.delegate.followedLinkToLocation(target,location2))))},this.delegate=delegate,this.eventTarget=eventTarget}start(){this.started||(this.eventTarget.addEventListener("click",this.clickCaptured,!0),this.started=!0)}stop(){this.started&&(this.eventTarget.removeEventListener("click",this.clickCaptured,!0),this.started=!1)}clickEventIsSignificant(event){return!(event.target&&event.target.isContentEditable||event.defaultPrevented||1<event.which||event.altKey||event.ctrlKey||event.metaKey||event.shiftKey)}findLinkFromClickTarget(target){return findClosestRecursively(target,"a[href]:not([target^=_]):not([download])")}getLocationForLink(link){return expandURL(link.getAttribute("href")||"")}} FormLinkClickObserver{constructor(delegate,element){this.delegate=delegate,this.linkInterceptor=new LinkClickObserver(this,element)}start(){this.linkInterceptor.start()}stop(){this.linkInterceptor.stop()}willFollowLinkToLocation(link,location2,originalEvent){return this.delegate.willSubmitFormLinkToLocation(link,location2,originalEvent)&&link.hasAttribute("data-turbo-method")}followedLinkToLocation(link,location2){const form=document.createElement("form");var name,value;for([name,value]of location2.searchParams)form.append(Object.assign(document.createElement("input"),{type:"hidden",name:name,value:value}));var action=Object.assign(location2,{search:""}),action=(form.setAttribute("data-turbo","true"),form.setAttribute("action",action.href),form.setAttribute("hidden",""),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-method")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("method",action),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-frame")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-frame",action),getVisitAction(link)),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-action",action),link.getAttribute("data-turbo-confirm")),action=(action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-confirm",action),link.hasAttribute("data-turbo-stream"));action&&form.setAttribute("data-turbo-stream",""),this.delegate.submittedFormLinkToLocation(link,location2,form),document.body.appendChild(form),form.addEventListener("turbo:submit-end",()=>form.remove(),{once:!0}),requestAnimationFrame(()=>form.requestSubmit())}}class Bardo{static preservingPermanentElements(delegate,permanentElementMap,callback){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){var bardo=new this(delegate,permanentElementMap);bardo.enter(),yield callback(),bardo.leave()})}constructor(delegate,permanentElementMap){this.delegate=delegate,this.permanentElementMap=permanentElementMap}enter(){for(const id in this.permanentElementMap){var[currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement]=this.permanentElementMap[id];this.delegate.enteringBardo(currentPermanentElement,newPermanentElement),this.replaceNewPermanentElementWithPlaceholder(newPermanentElement)}}leave(){for(const id in this.permanentElementMap){var[currentPermanentElement]=this.permanentElementMap[id];this.replaceCurrentPermanentElementWithClone(currentPermanentElement),this.replacePlaceholderWithPermanentElement(currentPermanentElement),this.delegate.leavingBardo(currentPermanentElement)}}replaceNewPermanentElementWithPlaceholder(permanentElement){var placeholder=function createPlaceholderForPermanentElement(permanentElement){var element=document.createElement("meta");return element.setAttribute("name","turbo-permanent-placeholder"),element.setAttribute("content",permanentElement.id),element}(permanentElement);permanentElement.replaceWith(placeholder)}replaceCurrentPermanentElementWithClone(permanentElement){var clone=permanentElement.cloneNode(!0);permanentElement.replaceWith(clone)}replacePlaceholderWithPermanentElement(permanentElement){var placeholder=this.getPlaceholderById(permanentElement.id);null!=placeholder&&placeholder.replaceWith(permanentElement)}getPlaceholderById(id){return this.placeholders.find(element=>element.content==id)}get placeholders(){return[…document.querySelectorAll("meta[name=turbo-permanent-placeholder][content]")]}}class Renderer{constructor(currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender=!0){this.activeElement=null,this.currentSnapshot=currentSnapshot,this.newSnapshot=newSnapshot,this.isPreview=isPreview,this.willRender=willRender,this.renderElement=renderElement,this.promise=new Promise((resolve,reject)=>this.resolvingFunctions={resolve:resolve,reject:reject})}get shouldRender(){return!0}get reloadReason(){}prepareToRender(){}finishRendering(){this.resolvingFunctions&&(this.resolvingFunctions.resolve(),delete this.resolvingFunctions)}preservingPermanentElements(callback){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){yield Bardo.preservingPermanentElements(this,this.permanentElementMap,callback)})}focusFirstAutofocusableElement(){var element=this.connectedSnapshot.firstAutofocusableElement;!function elementIsFocusable(element){return element&&"function"==typeof element.focus}(element)||element.focus()}enteringBardo(currentPermanentElement){this.activeElement||currentPermanentElement.contains(this.currentSnapshot.activeElement)&&(this.activeElement=this.currentSnapshot.activeElement)}leavingBardo(currentPermanentElement){currentPermanentElement.contains(this.activeElement)&&this.activeElement instanceof HTMLElement&&(this.activeElement.focus(),this.activeElement=null)}get connectedSnapshot(){return this.newSnapshot.isConnected?this.newSnapshot:this.currentSnapshot}get currentElement(){return this.currentSnapshot.element}get newElement(){return this.newSnapshot.element}get permanentElementMap(){return this.currentSnapshot.getPermanentElementMapForSnapshot(this.newSnapshot)}}class FrameRenderer extends Renderer{static renderElement(currentElement,newElement){var destinationRange=document.createRange(),destinationRange=(destinationRange.selectNodeContents(currentElement),destinationRange.deleteContents(),newElement),newElement=null==(newElement=destinationRange.ownerDocument)?void 0:newElement.createRange();newElement&&(newElement.selectNodeContents(destinationRange),currentElement.appendChild(newElement.extractContents()))}constructor(delegate,currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender=!0){super(currentSnapshot,newSnapshot,renderElement,isPreview,willRender),this.delegate=delegate}get shouldRender(){return!0}render(){return __async$3(this,null,function*(){yield nextAnimationFrame(),this.preservingPermanentElements(()=>{this.loadFrameElement()}),this.scrollFrameIntoView(),yield nextAnimationFrame(),this.focusFirstAutofocusableElement(),yield nextAnimationFrame(),this.activateScriptElements()})}loadFrameElement(){this.delegate.willRenderFrame(this.currentElement,this.newElement),this.renderElement(this.currentElement,this.newElement)}scrollFrameIntoView(){if(this.currentElement.autoscroll||this.newElement.autoscroll){var element=this.currentElement.firstElementChild,block=function readScrollLogicalPosition(value,defaultValue){return"end"==value||"start"==value||"center"==value||"nearest"==value?value:defaultValue}(this.currentElement.getAttribute("data-autoscroll-block"),"end"),behavior=function readScrollBehavior(value,defaultValue){return"auto"==value||"smooth"==value?value:defaultValue}(this.currentElement.getAttribute("data-autoscroll-behavior"),"auto");if(element)return element.scrollIntoView({block:block,behavior:behavior}),!0}return!1}activateScriptElements(){for(const inertScriptElement of this.newScriptElements){var activatedScriptElement=activateScriptElement(inertScriptElement);inertScriptElement.replaceWith(activatedScriptElement)}}get newScriptElements(){return this.currentElement.querySelectorAll("script")}}class ProgressBar{static get defaultCSS(){return unindent`
.turbo-progress-bar {
position: fixed;
display: block;
top: 0;
left: 0;
height: 3px;
background: #0076ff;
z-index: 2147483647;
transition:
width ${ProgressBar.animationDuration}ms ease-out,
opacity ${ProgressBar.animationDuration/2}ms ${ProgressBar.animationDuration/2}ms ease-in;
transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
}
`}constructor(){this.hiding=!1,this.value=0,this.visible=!1,this.trickle=()=>{this.setValue(this.value+Math.random()/100)},this.stylesheetElement=this.createStylesheetElement(),this.progressElement=this.createProgressElement(),this.installStylesheetElement(),this.setValue(0)}show(){this.visible||(this.visible=!0,this.installProgressElement(),this.startTrickling())}hide(){this.visible&&!this.hiding&&(th